中职英语拓展模块-unit-12-Scientists-Text-A

2020年3月13日7时59分Unit12ScientistsListasmanywell-knownscientistsinEnglishasyouknow.SirIsaacNewton1643—1727AlbertEinstein1879-19552020年3月13日7时59分StephenWilliamHawking1942—2008GeorgSimonOhm1789—18542020年3月13日7时59分JamesPrescottJoule1818－1889JamesWatt1736—18192020年3月13日7时59分MarieSkłodowskaCurie1867-19342020年3月13日7时59分TrytotellsomethinginEnglishaboutthelifeofascientistyouknow.Let’shaveaquizaboutscienceandscientist.GoodLuck!1Hewasanoble(sir).2Hewasaall-rounder(全才)scientist.3Hefirstusedaprismtodecomposewhitelightintosevencolors.4Hediscoveredthelawofuniversalgravitation.SirIsaacNewton1Hewasveryfamouswriter,inventor,politician,geographer,astronomerandmathematician.2HelivedinHanDynasty.3Hefirstmeasuredandreportedearthquake.ZhangHeng4HemadeSeismographandarmillarysphere.1.TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Thebookshowedthatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesinstead.Whoistheauthor?A.LeonardodoVinciB.CharlesDarwinC.StephenHawking2.Whosaidthat‘Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration’?A.AlbertEinsteinB.MadameCurieC.ThomasEdison3.Thismathematicianfoundthattheforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.Whoishe?A.ArchimedesB.ZhangHengC.JamesWattQuizaboutscientists4.WhoreceivedtwoNobelprizesandshediscoveredradiumIn1898?A.GreogyMendelB.MadameCurieC.IsaacNewtonQuizaboutdiscoveries5.StephenHawking,British(1942--2018)Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudied________inspace.A.BlackholesB.UFOC.Planets7.AlbertEinsteinisfamousforthetheoryofrelativityandaformula________showedthatthemassandenergywereinfactequivalentA.G=mgB.E=MC2C.W=FS6.AlexanderFlemingdiscovered________whichcankillbacteriaandsavethelivesofmillions.A.Hydrogenperoxide(过氧化氢)B.Anesthetics(麻醉剂)C.Penicillin(青霉素)8.Whenwasthefirstelectricpoweredelevatormade?A.1805B.1857C.18802020年3月13日7时59分IsaacNewton(1643(Gregoriancalendar)Jan4-March31,1727)Sir,presidentoftheRoyalSociety,thefamousBritishphysicist,encyclopedia-styleall-rounder,theMathematicalPrinciplesofNaturalPhilosophy,optics.In1687,hepublishedtheessayNaturalLaw,thegravitationandthethreelawsofmotionaredescribed.Thesedescriptionslaythescientificpointofviewthethreecenturiessincethenthephysicalworld,andbecamethebasisformodernengineering.HeKeplerlawsofplanetarymotionbydemonstratingtheconsistencybetweenhistheoryofgravity,showingthemovementofgroundobjectsandotherheavenlybodieshavefollowedthesamelawsofnature;fortheheliocentrictheoryprovidesastrongsupport,andtopromotetheScientificRevolution.Inmechanics,Newtonclarifiestheprincipleofconservationofmomentumandangularmomentum,Newton'slawsofmotionputforward[1].Inoptics,heinventedthereflectingtelescope,andwillbebasedonaprismofwhitelightintothevisiblespectrumdivergenceobserved,developedatheoryofcolor.Healsosystematicallyexpressesthelawofcoolingandstudiedthespeedofsound.Inmathematics,NewtonandGottfriedWilhelmLeibnizdevelopedcalculustosharetheschool'shonor.Healsodemonstratedthegeneralizedbinomialtheorem,proposedtheNewton'sLawtofunctionclosertozero,andforthestudyofpowerseriestomakeacontribution.Ineconomics,Newtonmadethegoldstandard.2020年3月13日7时59分艾萨克·牛顿（1643年（格里历）1月4日—1727年3月31日）爵士，英国皇家学会会长，英国著名的物理学家，百科全书式的“全才”，著有《自然哲学的数学原理》、《光学》。他在1687年发表的论文《自然定律》里，对万有引力和三大运动定律进行了描述。这些描述奠定了此后三个世纪里物理世界的科学观点，并成为了现代工程学的基础。他通过论证开普勒行星运动定律与他的引力理论间的一致性，展示了地面物体与天体的运动都遵循着相同的自然定律；为太阳中心说提供了强有力的理论支持，并推动了科学革命。在力学上，牛顿阐明了动量和角动量守恒的原理，提出牛顿运动定律[1]。在光学上，他发明了反射望远镜，并基于对三棱镜将白光发散成可见光谱的观察，发展出了颜色理论。他还系统地表述了冷却定律，并研究了音速。在数学上，牛顿与戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨分享了发展出微积分学的荣誉。他也证明了广义二项式定理，提出了“牛顿法”以趋近函数的零点，并为幂级数的研究做出了贡献。在经济学上，牛顿提出金本位制度。2020年3月13日7时59分AlbertEinsteinwasbornatUlm,inWürttemberg,Germany,onMarch14,1879.In1901,theyearhegainedhisdiploma,heacquiredSwisscitizenshipand,ashewasunabletofindateachingpost,heacceptedapositionastechnicalassistantintheSwissPatentOffice.In1905heobtainedhisdoctor'sdegree.DuringhisstayatthePatentOffice,andinhissparetime,heproducedmuchofhisremarkableworkandin1908hewasappointedPrivatdozentinBerne.In1909hebecameProfessorExtraordinaryatZurich,in1911ProfessorofTheoreticalPhysicsatPrague,returningtoZurichinthefollowingyeartofillasimilarpost.In1914hewasappointedDirectoroftheKaiserWilhelmPhysicalInstituteandProfessorintheUniversityofBerlin.HebecameaGermancitizenin1914andremainedinBerlinuntil1933whenherenouncedhiscitizenshipforpoliticalreasonsandemigratedtoAmericatotakethepositionofProfessorofTheoreticalPhysicsatPrinceton*.HebecameaUnitedStatescitizenin1940andretiredfromhispostin1945.2020年3月13日7时59分MadamCurieisaFrenchprofessorofphysics.ShewasborninPolandin1867.In1891shewenttostudyinParisUniversitybecauseatthattimewomenwerenotadmittedtouniversitiesinPoland.WhenshewasstudyinginParis,shelivedapoorlife,butsheworkedveryhard.In1895shemarriedPierreCurie,andthentheyworkedtogetherontheresearchintoradioactivematter.Theydiscoveredtwokindsofradioactivematter----poloniumandradium.In1904sheandherhusbandweregiventheNobelPrizeforphysics.In1906Pierredied,butMariewentonworking.ShereceivedasecondNobelPrizeforChemistryin1911.SoshebecamethefirstscientistintheworldtowintwoNobelPrizes居里夫人是法国物理学教授。她出生在波兰于1867年。1891年她到巴黎大学学习，因为当时不承认妇女在波兰大学的时间。当她