English-and-its-history

ReadingcomprehensionListentothetapeandfinishPartA.1)Whatisthearticleabout?2)WhatarethethreekindsofEnglishdiscussedinthearticle?3)InwhatwayisEnglishstillchanging?Englishanditshistory.OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.Englishisstillchanginginmanyways,suchasinvocabularyandpronunciation.日尔曼人入侵后，统治了当地的凯尔特语民族，本地语言主要于苏格兰、威尔士、康瓦耳与爱尔兰岛存活了下来。这些入侵者的语言逐渐形成了“古英语”。ThedevelopmentofEnglish1066年诺曼征服后三百年内，英格兰的国王只讲法语。因此一大批法语词汇进入了古英语，古英语本身也失去了大部分曲折变化，形成中古英语。近代英语在莎士比亚所处的时期开始繁荣，一些学者将之分为早期近代英语与后期近代英语，分界线为1800年左右。随着不列颠对全世界大部分地区的占领和殖民，当地语言也很大程度上影响了英语的发展。PleasegothroughtheReadingstrategyandtellmehowtoreadahistoryarticle.1.Notice___________2.Make_________,listing________________suchastimes,placesandevents,etc.ReadingahistoryarticleReadinganormaltextthedatesandyearsatimechartimportantinformationPart1OldEnglishIfyouhearoldEnglishtoday,canyouunderstandit?Timechart10thendof9ththenbefore5theventslanguageoccupiedbythetwoGermanicgroupstheVikingsbegantomovetobecameofficiallanguageSpokeCelticOldEnglishTimeEventsBeforethemiddleofthe5thcenturyPeopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic.Attheendofthe9thcenturyTheVikingsbegantomovetoBritainandbroughttheirlanguages.Bythe10thcenturyOldEnglishhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEngland.CelticLanguagesofAnglesandSaxonsOldEnglishLanguagesofVikings1.bemadeupof2.Thatiswhy...3.bedifferentfrom4.consistof5.nameafter6.asidefrom7.attheendof8.bythe10thcentury9.Thisisbeacuse...1.由...组成2.那是因为3.和...不同4.由...组成5.以...命名6.除了7.在...结束时8.到10世纪为止9.这是因为...1,TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.(P22)英语是由进入不列颠的人群所说语言的规则和词汇构成的。bemadeupof由。。。组成，由。。。构成。其主动形式为makeup组成；构成【归纳】【拓展】makeup化妆；弥补；准备，布置；编造；编，编写makeupfor为。。。而弥补，补偿Ourclassismadeupoffifty-sixstudents.Somegirlsinourclasslikemakingupsomuchthattheyareoftenlateforclasses.Whenourteachersask,theyusuallymakeupanexcuseforit.我们班由56名学生组成，一些女生很喜欢化妆以至于经常迟到。当老师问时，她们经常编造借口来应对。【助记】【Exercises】1)Therescueteam(由....组成)16persons.2)Twentyboysandthirtygirls(组成)ourclass.4)指出下列句中makeup的含义。Theymadehimupasanoldmanforthelastactoftheplay.()I'mtryingtomakeupthetimeIlostwhileIwassick,()Icanmakeupabedforyouonthecouch.()Theymadethewholethingup.Therecouldn'tbesuchathing.()Heisgoodatmakingupstories.()ismadeupofmakeup化妆弥补准备，布置编造编，编写【解析】选A。考查make短语的用法。句意：宾馆优质的服务在一定程度上弥补了质量差的饭菜。makeupfor弥补；saveupfor为......积存；taketheplaceof取代，代替；turnout结果是，证明是。根据句意可知makeupfor符合句意，故选A。5)Thegoodserviceatthehotelthepoorfoodtosomedegree.A.madeupforB.savedupforC.tooktheplaceofD.turnedout2,ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.那就是为何英语有这么多使人困惑的不解规则。在Thatiswhy----中why引导表语从句，且在从句中作状语。that在此为指示代词，指代前面提到的事情。Thatiswhyheisfondofswimming.•区别：•Thatiswhy------中，why引导的表语从句表示结果。•Thatisbecause-----中，because引导的表语从句表示原因。•Jackwaslateforclasstoday._________hegotuplatethismorning.•Jackgotuplatethismorning.__________hewaslateforclasstoday.ThatisbecauseThatiswhy1.组成，构成+of:Hisjobconsistsofhelpingoldpeople.*consistof不可用于进行时，也没有被动态2.主要是，主要在于+inThebeautyofthepictureconsistsinitsbalanceofcolors.3.OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.Theclub________morethan200members,andthenumberisincreasing.A.consistsofB.isconsistedofC.makesupofD.makesup解析：本题考查表示“由……组成”的短语用法，consistof＝bemadeupof。故选A。A4.BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheAngles...(P22)英语语言和英国人都是以盎格鲁命名的.......nameafter以......命名【拓展】inthenameof...以...的名义；代表（也作inone'sname）callsbnames辱骂某人knowsbbyname知道某人的名字【Exercises】1）Thisislandwasitsdiscoverer.(该岛以其发现者的名字命名的。)2）Heattendedtheoartyhisfather.(他以他父亲的名义参加聚会。)3）Mygrandpatoldmenotto.(我爷爷叫我不要辱骂他。)4）Ionlyknowhim.(我只知道他的名字。)namedafterinthenameofcallhimnamesbyname•5.Forexample,thewordsickcamefromawordonceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,whileillcamefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.•while并列连词；表示转折、对比关系：然而；而•Mikeisstrongwhilehisbrotherisweak.•Thereisplentyofraininthesoutheastwhilethereislittleinthenorthwest.Readandanswerthequestions.1.WhydoestheEnglishlanguagehavesomanyrulesthatconfusepeople?BecauseitismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesandculturesbroughtwiththemtoBritain.2.WheredidtheEnglishcomefrom?ItcamefromthewordEngle,asitisspeltinoldEnglish.3.WhycanwordswithsimilarmeaningsbefoundintheEnglishlanguage?Thesewordswithsimilarmeaningsdevelopedbecauseeachwordcamefromadifferentlanguage.Part2MiddleEnglishIn1066Bythelatterhalfofthe14thcenturyIn1399EnglishhadcomeintowidespreaduseamongallclassesinEngland.HenryIVbecameKingofEnglandandusedEnglishforallofficialevents.TimeEventsTheNormansdefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountry.4.WhomadethegreatestcontributiontothedevelopmentfromOldEnglishtoMiddleEnglish?TheFrench-speakingNormans,whotookcontrolofEnglandin1066.However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxon'svitoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.TranslationFrench’sinfluenceonEnglish:1.Morewordswithsimilarmeanings3.Frenchwaysofmakingplurals2.WordsformeatandanimalsMiddleEnglishreplyanswerthesamemeaning(回答）Ol