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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 管理学资料 > 2012届人教新课标高中总复习(第1轮)英语课件:part2 第10讲 名词性从句
【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语,相当于名词,故称为名词性从句。【四大从句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语,即句子充当主语,该句子称为主语从句。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,why,when,what)(1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.(2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.(3)Whathesaidisnottrue.(4)Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.【结论】①that-从句,从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,没有具体意义,不充当句子成分,只起标志性作用,但that不能省略。②whether-从句,从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换。③特殊疑问词-从句,从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思,在从句中充当句子成分。【疑难1】Whoheisisnoneofmybusiness.【疑难剖析1】任何从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。【疑难2】ThathelikesEnglishisknowntousall.Whathesaidatthemeetingmademesad.【疑难剖析2】主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。【疑难3】That2010AsianGamesaresuccessfulisknowntoall.【疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语,视为单数。【疑难3】Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.【疑难剖析3】1.主语从句通常由it充当形式主语,而本身放在句子末尾。2.it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。3.用it作形式主语的常用结构①Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识②Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然……Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……③Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……Itappearsthat…似乎……④It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实……Itissaidthat…据说……【疑难5】ItissaidthatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(√)ThatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(×)【疑难剖析5】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:1.if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。2.Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。3.Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(√)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(×)4.Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(√)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.(×)5.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(√)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(×)【疑难6】what与that在引导主语从句时的区别Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.【疑难剖析6】what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,而that则不充当任何成分。二、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,where,what,who)(5)Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(6)①Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.②Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(7)Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.【结论9】①由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),that在从句中不充当任何成分。②由what引导的宾语从句,what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。③whether(if)引导的宾语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。【疑难1】引导宾语从句时if和whether的区别Iaskedherif/whethershehadabike.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillgobackrightnow.We'reworriedaboutwhetherheissafe.Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.Idon'tknowwhethertogo.【疑难剖析1】引导宾语从句时用if和whether都可以,但有只用whether的特殊情况:动词discuss后;介词后;whether与ornot连用时;whethertodo。【疑难2】Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.【疑难剖析2】作形容词的宾语时,可以省略that。【注意】下列形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。(有时也将此类词后的that从句看作原因状语从句。)【疑难3】Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.【疑难剖析3】it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾(特别是在带复合宾语的句子中)。【疑难4】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(√)Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(×)【疑难剖析4】后边不能直接跟that从句的动词有:allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。【疑难5】Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.(√)Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.(×)【疑难剖析5】有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that-从句”结构中,这类动词常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。【疑难6】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑难剖析6】否定的转移:若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。三、表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。【完成例句】根据句意填空(8)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.(9)Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.(10)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.(11)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.【结论1】①完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导,且不可省略;②表“是否”含义时用whether;③语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词,如what,when,where,why等;④两种特殊句型:thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。四、同位语从句在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(12)Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.(13)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,可以接同位语从句的名词主要有:fact,information,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等。【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置HegotthenewsfromMarythanthesportsmeetingwasputoff.【疑难剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。【疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。【疑难剖析2】(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述名词的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。
本文标题:2012届人教新课标高中总复习(第1轮)英语课件:part2 第10讲 名词性从句
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