基于单片机的角度测量仪..

皖西学院本科毕业论文______________________________________________________________________________________________第1页皖西学院本科毕业论文（设计）论文题目基于单片机的角度测量仪姓名（学号）苏华（2009011869）系别机械与电子工程学院专业电子信息科学与技术导师姓名张晓东二〇一三年五月皖西学院本科毕业论文______________________________________________________________________________________________第2页基于单片机的角度测量仪作者苏华指导教师张晓东摘要:本文所设计的角度测量仪是AT89S51单片机，它是一款低功耗，cmos8位单片机，片内含4kbytes的可系统编程的Flash只读程序存储器的单片机，角度测量仪利用被测物体转动进而带动光电编码器的转轴转动，将强弱变化的光信号传输给光电编码器内部的光敏电阻，经过处理后产生脉冲，通过编写程序导入单片机，当来一个脉冲下降沿沿时，定时器中断，来一个中断则脉冲数加一，进而将脉冲量转换成数字量，最后通过液晶显示屏直接显示所测出的角度。本文同时分析了角度测量仪的硬件组成，设计原理，给出了设计程序。关键字：角度光电编码器脉冲单片机显示屏Abstract：inthispaper,thedesignoftheAnglemeasuringinstrumentisAT89S51,itisalowpowerconsumption,cmos8single-chipcomputer,tabletcontaining4kbytesofsingle-chipmicrocomputersystemprogrammingFlashread-onlyprogrammemorystorage,usephotoelectricencodershaftrotationAnglemeasuringinstrument,inaccordingtotherelationoftheangularvelocityandlinearvelocity,throughthephotoelectricconversiontoconvertgeometryontheoutputshaftdisplacementtopulse,bywritingprogramtoimportsinglechiptoconvertpulsequantitytodigitalquantity,atlast,throughmeasuretheAngleoftheLCDscreendisplaydirectly.Anglemeasuringinstrumentatthesametime,thispaperanalysesthehardwarecomposition,designprinciples,designprocedureisgiven.Keywords:Anglephotoelectricencoderpulsesingle-chipcomputerscreens皖西学院本科毕业论文______________________________________________________________________________________________第3页目录1绪论......................................................................................................................................................................41.1基于单片机的角度测量仪的系统简介.....................................................................................................41.2基于单片机的角度测量仪课题的研究意义..............................................................................................52系统的基本构成.....................................................................................................................................................62.1系统的框图..................................................................................................................................................62.2光电编码器的原理......................................................................................................................................62.3AT89S51单片机的原理..............................................................................................................................92.4液晶显示屏原理........................................................................................................................................113硬件部分的设计...................................................................................................................................................143.1.脉冲数与角度的关系...............................................................................................................................143.2光电编码器与单片机的接口技术............................................................................................................143.3系统仿真框图............................................................................................................................................154软件部分的设计...................................................................................................................................................164.1软件部分总程序框图................................................................................................................................164.2中断程序流程............................................................................................................................................164.2.1外部0中断....................................................................................................................................164.2.2定时器中断.....................................................................................................................................174.3系统电路源程序........................................................................................................................................18总结..........................................................................................................................................................................24致谢..........................................................................................................................................................................25参考文献..................................................................................................................................................................26皖西学院本科毕业论文______________________________________________________________________________________________第4页1绪论角度测量是计算科学的重要组成部分随着发产和科学的不断发展，角度测量越来越广泛应用于机械，光学，航空航天，航海等各个领域，技术水平和准确度也在不断提高。国内外许多科学研究所已经先后研制出多种测角仪器，来满足当前工业，商业，军事等各方面的需求。随着科学技术的不断发展，测角技术的精度不断提高，测量领域也不断扩大，随着数字化的发展，使测角技术实现自动化，测角的方法也越来越多。角度是一个重要的几何量计量参数，它不仅应用于军事领域还运用于商业领域和工业领域，而我国的角度测量技术也经过了几十年的发展，随着21实际科学技术的不断发展，传统的角度计量工具框式水平仪和机械式测量方法将被数字角度测量仪所取代，数字角度测量仪具有性能稳定，工