2016届高考英语一轮同步课件：阅读微技能+运用复现策略巧解细节题(北师大版)

细节理解题是阅读理解题中必考的一种题型，也是占比例最大的题型，其解题依据定在阅读材料中，这种题型可以用“复现”的方法来解答。所谓“复现”，就是指某一个单词或短语意思，以其近义词、反义词、上下义词、同根词或原词的形式在文中重复出现的现象。懂得这种现象对解答完形填空非常有用，但用来解答阅读理解细节题也同样管用。细节理解题的复现指的是：正确答案选项语句中的单词或短语与阅读材料中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系。它同样可以分为：同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词。运用复现策略巧解细节题运用复现策略解题首先要定位与问题相关的句子，然后观察及分析该句子前后的句子是否满足复现的情况。请看下面的例子。1.原词复现同一单词或短语在选项中和阅读材料中同时出现。如：Iarrivedintheclassroomwithpapercardsdesignedintheshapeofmapleleaves.Ihadcutthemmyselfoutoforangeconstructionpaper.Isawninestudentsalongalongtable.Ihandedoutthecards,andthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired.Beforehestartedhisclass,theauthoraskedthestudentsto______.A.writedowntheirsuggestionsonthepapercardsB.cutmapleleavesoutoftheconstructionpaperC.cutsomecardsoutoftheconstructionpaperD.writedowntheirnamesonthepapercards解析：题干中asked(要求)与文中required是同义词同现。选项D与文中都有wrotedowntheirnames，属原词重现，故选D。D2.同义复现就是阅读材料中的词语是以其同义或近义表达出现在正确选项之中。如：wecautiouslybeganaconversionandspokeaboutawiderangeofthings.Weneverintroducedourselves.Iwasconcernedthathemighthavenomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordsomethingtoeat.SoasIrosetogobacktothecounterandbuyasecondcupofcoffee,Iasked,“MyIgetyousomething?”“Acoffeewouldbenice.”Theauthorboughtcoffeefortheoldmanbecause_____.A.hethoughttheoldmanwaspoorB.hewantedtostartaconversationC.heintendedtoshowhispolitenessD.hewouldliketothanktheoldman解析：选项A中的theoldmanwaspoor与阅读材料中的hemighthavenomoney是同义表达，即havenomoney是bepoor的同义或近义表达。A3.反义复现选项中是用与阅读材料中的单词或短语意义相反的单词或短语来表达相同的意思。如：What’sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother’sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected.A.havecommoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC.haveacommonbodylanguageD.arelessintelligentthanwasexpected解析：选项B用lessdifferent(较少不同之处)来表达文中的moreincommon(有更多相同之处)，属反义复现，故选B。ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs______.B4.同根复现指在同一语种中词根相同、意义相似的词。如：Butwhenthedayeventuallycame,mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor,butrathera12-year-oldboy.A.Hewouldbeaggressiveinhisfirstclass.B.Hewaswell-preparedforhisfirstclass.C.Hegotnervousuponthearrivalofhisfirstclass.D.Hewaitedlongforthearrivalofhisfirstclass.解析：选项C中的nervous与文中的nerves是同根词，构成同根复现，故选C。Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?C5.上下义复现上义语句所指的内容是概括性的，下义的内容是分述具体的。如：Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.A.theyoffertheirhelpB.theyreceiveothers’helpC.theyfeelothers’kindnessD.theyshowtheirweakness解析：阅读材料“peopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat”是下义(具体)，选项A“theyoffertheirhelp”是上义(概括)，故选A。Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen______.A