单斗挖掘机工作装置的设计与计算

I摘要单斗挖掘机是一种重要的工程机械，广泛应用于房屋建筑、筑路工程、水利建设、农林开发、港口建设、国防工事等的土石方施工和矿山采掘工业中，对减轻繁重的体力劳动、保证工程质量、加快建设速度、提高劳动生产率起着十分巨大的作用。随着国家经济建设的不断发展，单斗挖掘机的需求量将逐年大幅度增长，其在国民经济建设中的作用将越来越显著。反铲装置作为单斗挖掘机工作装置的一种主要形式，在工程实践中占有重要地位。反铲装置的各组成部分有各种不同的外形，要根据设计要求选用适合的结构并对其作运动分析。然后，在满足机构运动要求的基础上对各机构参数进行理论计算，确定各机构尺寸参数，确定挖掘机反铲装置的基本轮廓。挖掘阻力和挖掘力是衡量挖掘机性能参数的重要性能指标，对其分析计算至关重要。挖掘阻力主要与挖掘对象及自身尺寸参数有关，而挖掘力则受众多条件限制，危险工况的分析是关键点。在挖掘力分析基础上，可对各杆件铰接点进行力的分析计算，并进行机构设计的合理性分析。单斗挖掘机；反铲装置；运动分析；力学分析；强度校核IIAbstractSinglebucketexcavatorisanimportantengineeringmachinery,widelyusedinhousingconstruction,roadconstruction,waterconservancy,agricultureandforestrydevelopment,portconstruction,nationaldefensefortifications,suchastheconstructionofearthandstoneminingandextractiveindustries,toreducetheheavymanualwork,Ensureprojectqualityandacceleratetheconstructionspeed,raisinglaborproductivityplayedahugerole.Withtheeconomicconstructionofthecountrycontinuestodevelop,thedemandforsinglebucketexcavatorswillbesubstantialgrowthyearafteryear,itsroleintheconstructionofthenationaleconomywillbecomemoresignificant.Backhoedeviceasasinglebucketexcavatorworkingdeviceasamajorformoftheprojectoccupiesanimportantpositioninpractice.Backhoeinstallationofthecomponentsofavarietyofdifferentshape,accordingtothedesignrequirementsfortheselectionofitsstructureandmotionanalysisfor.Then,tomeettherequirementsofthesportsorganizationsonthebasisoftheparametersoftheagencies,identifiedtheagenciessizeparameters,determinedexcavatorbackhoedevice'sbasiccontours.Miningandminingoftheresistanceisameasureofperformanceparametersoftheexcavatorimportantperformanceindicators,analysisandcalculationofitscrucial.Miningandminingthemaintargetsofresistanceandself-sizeparameters,andtheexcavationoftheconditionsaresubjecttonumerousrestrictions,dangerousworkingconditionsanalysisisthekeypoint.Analysisoftheexcavationonthebasisofthebarcanbehingedonthepointoftheanalysis,designagenciesandtherationalanalysis.Keywords：singlebucketexcavatorbackhoedevicemotionanalysismechanicalanalysisStrengthCheckI1绪论....................................................................11.1单斗液压挖掘机的种类特点.............................................11.2挖掘机的发展概况.....................................................11.3国外挖掘机研究现状与发展动态.........................................11.4液压挖掘机的发展方向.................................................31.5本课题的研究目的及意义...............................................31.6主要研究对象及内容...................................................42单斗液压挖掘机反铲装置的运动学分析.......................................52.1单斗液压挖掘机反铲装置的结构及工作特点...............................52.1.1单斗液压挖掘机反铲装置的结构组成.................................52.1.2单斗液压挖掘机反铲装置的工作特点.................................52.2反铲装置的设计原则...................................................62.3反铲装置的方案选择...................................................72.4反铲装置各机构的运动分析..............................................82.4.1动臂机构的运动分析...............................................92.4.2斗杆机构的运动分析...............................................102.4.3铲斗机构的运动分析...............................................113单斗液压挖掘机的动力学分析...............................................123.1挖掘阻力的分析.......................................................133.1.1转斗挖掘阻力的分析...............................................133.2挖掘力的分析.........................................................153.2.1挖掘的概念.......................................................153.2.2挖掘力的计算.....................................................164铲斗及单斗液压挖掘机反铲装置各机构尺寸的确定.............................254.1铲斗参数的确定.......................................................254.1.1铲斗结构设计的基本要求............................................254.1.2铲斗主要参数的确定...............................................254.2动臂机构参数的确定...................................................264.3斗杆机构参数的确定...................................................274.4铲斗机构参数的确定...................................................294.4.1铲斗的转角范围...................................................294.4.2铲斗机构的载荷分析...............................................294.4.3铲斗机构结构布置的几何可容性要求..................................31II5工作装置的载荷分析和强度计算.............................................325.1工况姿态的选取.......................................................325.1.1停机面最大挖掘半径（工况一）.....................................325.1.2最深挖掘位置（工况二）...........................................335.1.3动臂斗杆最大受力位置（工况三）...................................335.2动臂各铰点处受力分析.................................................345.2.1斗杆各铰点的受力分析.............................................345.2.2动臂各铰点的受力分析.............................................365.3许用应力和其它问题...................................................365.4设计合理性分析.......................................................37结论......................................................................39致谢......................................................................40..................................................................41附录......................................................................42附录1........................