English Paragraph Writing

ENGLISHPARAGRAPHWRITINGChapter2EnglishParagraphWriting2.1ParagraphStructure2.2ParagraphUnity2.3ParagraphCoherence2.4SentenceVariety2.1ParagraphStructureOneEnglishparagraphusuallyincludesthefollowingthreeparts:(1)TopicSentence(2)Supporting/DevelopingSentence(3)ConcludingSentenceParagraphStructureModelTopicSentenceSupportingSentence1SupportingSentence2SupportingSentence3SupportingSentence4ConcludingSentence(1)HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentenceThreeessentialpoints:1.主题句必须是一个完整的句子2.由主题词和主题思想的表述两部分构成3.只是一种概括性的陈述而不提供具体的细节e.g.Gold,apreciousmetal,isprizedfortwoimportantcharacteristics.Whichisagoodtopicsentence?•Americanfoodisterrible.•AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andprepackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.•Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.ActivityIdentifywhichisthetopicsentence:•Systolicpressurebetween140and160indicatesborderlinehypertension.•Intheusualbloodpressurereading,thesystolicmeasurementisgivenfirstandisthehigherofthetwo.•Systolicpressureistakenwhentheheartiscontractingtopumpblood;diastolicpressureistakenwhentheheartisrestingbetweenbeats.•Bloodpressuremeasurementhastwocomponents:systolicanddiastolic.•Normalbloodpressureisasystolicmeasurementof140,andwhenthesystolicpressureis160orhigher,thenhypertensionexists.PracticeReadeachofthefollowingparagraphs.Ifyoufindatopicsentence,underlineit.Ifnot,writeonethatsumsuptheparagraph'smessageorstatesitspoint.Producersmakemoregoodswhenpricesarehigh,andconsumersbuymoregoodswhenpricesarelow.Aspricesgoup,producersmakemoregoodsbecausetheycanmakemoremoneyfortheirgoods.Aspricesgodown,consumersbuymoregoodsbecauseofthelowprices.Thisshowsushowchangesinthepricesofgoodscancausechangesinproductionandconsumption.Thebrightchildispatient.Hecantolerateuncertaintyandfailure,andwillkeeptryinguntilhegetsananswer.Whenallhisexperimentsfail,hecanevenadmittohimselfandothersthatforthetimebeingheisnotgoingtogetananswer.Thismayannoyhim,buthecanwait.Veryoften,hedoesnotwanttobetoldhowtodotheproblemorsolvethepuzzlehehasstruggledwith,becausehedoesnotwanttobecheatedoutofthechancetofigureitoutforhimselfinthefuture.Notsothedullchild.Hecannotstanduncertaintyorfailure.Tohim,anunansweredquestionisnotachallengeoranopportunity,butathreat.Ifhecan'tfindtheanswerquickly,itmustbegiventohim,andquickly;andhemusthaveanswersforeverything.Sucharethechildrenofwhomasecond-gradeteacheroncesaid,Butmychildrenliketohavequestionsforwhichthereisonlyoneanswer.Theydid;andbyamysteriouscoincidence,sodidshe.Duringthepastdecadeortwo,childrenhaveslippedintopovertyfasterthananyotheragegroup.OneofsixwhiteU.S.children,twoofeveryfiveLatinochildren,andalmostoneofeverytwoAfrican-Americanchildrenarepoor.Thesefigurestranslateintoincrediblenumbers--approximately18millionchildrenliveinpoverty:9millionwhitechildren,4millionLatinochildren,and5millionAfrican-Americanchildren.Thecostoftrainingnewemployeesishigh.Inadditiontothecostofclassroomfacilitiesandinstructors,anorganizationmustpayemployeesasalarytositintheclassroomwhiletheyarelearning.Wehavedeterminedthatforthecompanytobreakevenonprofessionalemployees(suchasengineersorsystemsanalysts),theymuststayinthejobforwhichtheyhavebeentrainedforatleastoneyear.Itisperhapsnaturalthatpsychologistsshouldawakenonlyslowlytothepossibilitythatbehavioralprocessesmaybedirectlyobserved,orthattheyshouldonlygraduallyputtheolderstatisticalandtheoreticaltechniquesintheirproperperspective.Butitistimetoinsistthatsciencedoesnotprogressbycarefullydesignedstepscalledexperiments,eachofwhichhasawell-definedbeginningandend.Scienceisacontinuousandoftenadisorderlyandaccidentalprocess.Weshallnotdotheyoungpsychologistanyfavorifweagreetoreconstructourpracticestofitthepatterndemandedbycurrentscientificmethodology.Whatthestatisticianmeansbythedesignofexperimentsisdesignwhichyieldsthekindofdatatowhichhistechniquesareapplicable.Hedoesnotmeanthebehaviorofthescientistinhislaboratorydevisingresearchforhisownimmediateandpossiblyinscrutablepurposes.(2)Supporting/DevelopingSentencesCanyouthinkofsomedevelopingsentencesforthistopic?Smokingcigarettescanbeanexpensivehabit•Cigarettescostaboutseventy-fivecents.•Theaveragesmokersmokestwopacksaday.•Theannualexpenseforthissmokeris$547.50.•Thesmokermustalsopayforextracleaningofcarpets,furniture,andclothes.ActivityTrydevelopingthetopicsentences.Illustrateyourpersonalitywithspecificexamples.–Iamaverysensitiveperson.–Iamaveryindependentperson.–IthinkIwouldbeagoodfriend.Iamaverysensitiveperson,andthat'sgoodtoapoint.Ifeeleveryoneshouldbeabletofeelorunderstandwhatothersaregoingthrough.Butwhenyouhurt,cry,orareunhappyforpeopleyoudon'tknow,orforamoviethatisnotreal,thenIthinkthat'salittletoosensitive.That'sthewayIam.Iamaveryindependentperson.Imustdothingsformyself.Idon'tlikepeopledoingthingsforme,orhelpingme,orgivingmethings.It'snotthatIdon'tappreciateit,becauseIdo.Ijustfeelthatwhensomeonedoessomethingforyou,youowethem,andifthereisonethingIdon'tliketofeel,it'sthatIoweanyoneanything.IthinkIwouldbeagoodfriend.IwoulddoalmostanythingforsomeoneIlike