【最高考】2015高考英语(江苏)语法精讲+精练：专题九-名词性从句常考点

专题九名词性从句常考点在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句是英语中的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。1Itis...和Thereis...Itis...句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词、不定式或从句，而Thereis意为“有……”，有时be也可以用exist，remain等替代。用it，there填空：①________isapitythathewasabsent.②________isafactthathehasliedtoyou.③________isnowonderthatheissoexcited.④________isnoneedtoworryaboutit.⑤________isnosense/point(in)arguingwithhim.⑥________isnodoubtthathehasgone.【答案】①It②It③It④There⑤There⑥There2从句作主语时的谓语动词形式主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Thatthepresidentiscoming________(excite)allofus.②Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren________(have)astronginfluenceontheircharacter.③Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld____________(notdecide)yet.【答案】①excites②has③isn'tdecided/hasn'tbeendecided3宾语从句的时态和语序宾语从句中的时态要注意呼应。当主句中的谓语是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同的时态。当主句中的谓语是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态(如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等)；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学真理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。宾语从句语序要用陈述语序(whatis/wasthematter除外)。①Thephotographswillshowyou________．A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike②Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee________．A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis③Hello，Ididn'tknowyou________(be)inLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?④Ithoughthe________(be)comingtomorrow.⑤Theteachertoldusthatlight________(travel)ataveryhighspeed.【答案】①B②D③were④was⑤travels4表语从句中的常见句型常用的句型有：Thereasonisthat...；Itisbecause...；That'swhy...；That'swhere...。完成下列句子：①Thereason________heisabsentfromschoolis________heisill.＝Heisill.That's________heisabsentfromschool.＝Heisabsentfromschool.That's________heisill.②Thereason________hegavewas________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.③That's________Idisagree/theproblemlies/Ihavedoubt/youaremistaken.That's________Idisagreeabout/theproblemliesin/Ihavedoubtabout/youaremistakenabout.【答案】①why；that；why；because②which；that/不填③where；what5同位语从句和定语从句的辨别同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。连接词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope，story，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，feeling，doubt，truth，wish，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。定语从句中的that是关系代词，既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。完成下列句子：①Thenews________hetoldusexcitedus.Thenews________ourteamwonthegameexcitedus.②Thefact________hecollectedwassurprising.Thefact________hesaidnothingwassurprising.③Thereisachance/possibility________hewilllosethegame.＝________arethathewilllosethegame.④Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.【答案】①that/which/不填；that②that/which/不填；that③that；Chances④that6what和that的用法①what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并且替代名词性从句中所缺的主语、宾语或表语(尤其注意what引导的从句作介词宾语)，相当于“名词或代词＋that/which”；另外，what不能引导定语从句。②that在名词性从句中只引导从句，不充当成分。如：Thathesaidnothingatthemeetingsurprisedus.[注]介词后不接that从句，除了inthat...和exceptthat...。that引导两个以上的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省略。完成下列句子：①Theschoolisnolonger________itusedtobe.＝Theschoolisnolongertheone________itusedtobe.②Finallyhetolduseverything________hehadseen.＝Finallyhetoldus________hehadseen.③Theyarrivedin________wasonceaschool.＝Theyarriveintheplace________wasonceaschool.④Don'tcare________othersthinkaboutyou.⑤Doyouknow________theydowithwastepaper?【答案】①what；that②that；what③what；that/which④what⑤what7whether和if的区别以及whether和that的区别1.if和whether都可译为“是否”，两者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换。而以下几种情况中，只能用whether，不能用if：①强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有ornot时。如：Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.②宾语从句前置时。如：Whetherthisistrue，Ican'tsay.③引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.(主语从句)Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.(表语从句)Thequestionwhetherweshouldgowiththemmustbedecidedatonce.(同位语从句)④在介词之后作宾语时。如：Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI'llgobackhome.Whetherwewillgotheredependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.⑤在不定式前与不定式一起组成短语时。如：Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.[注]if可以引导条件状语从句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引导让步状语从句，有“不管；无论”之意。如：Ifyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou.Whetherhecomesornot，wewillbeginourpartyontime.2.whether和that的区别：that表示事实，而whether表示疑问。完成下列句子：①________theyaretwinsisclear.________theyaretwinsisnotclear.②Thereisaquestion/anargument________wehaveenoughtimetodoit.③Theproblemis________heispooratEnglish.Theproblemis________hecanimprovehisEnglish.【答案】①That；Whether②whether③that；how/whether8“疑问词＋ever”和“nomatter＋疑问词”的区别“疑问词＋ever”既可引导名词性从句，在主句中充当一定的成分，又可以引导让步状语从句；但是“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。完成下列句子：①________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.________leavestheroomlast，heoughttoturnoffthelights.②Hewouldn'tlistento________Isaid.________Isaid，hewouldn'tlistentome.③Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof________sharesherinterest.________comes，youmustn'topenthedoor.④Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose________suitsyoubest.【答案】①Whoever；Whoever/Nomatterwho②whatever；Whatever/Nomatterwhat③whoever；Whoever/Nomatterwho④whichever9who和whoever的区别who表示疑问；而whoever与anyonewho同义。用who，whoever填空：①________hasstolenthemoneyhasn'tbeenfoundoutyet.②________hasst