翻译家许渊冲

XuYuanchong许渊冲组员：周雪PartⅠ：•Biography•Honors“书销中外六十本，诗译英法唯一人”“不是院士胜院士，遗欧赠美千首诗”•HehasbeenproclaimedastheonlyexpertintheworldwhocantranslateChinesepoetryintoEnglishandFrenchrhyme.•Heisnotanacademicianbutbetterthanacademicians.Introduction•In1921,hewasborninNanchang,JiangxiProvince.•In1938withexcellentgrades,XuwasadmittedtotheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniversity,DepartmentofForeignLanguages.（国立西南联合大学外文系）HeissuccessivelyunderthetutelageofWenYiduo,BianZhiLin,YehKung-chaoandQianzhongshu.•In1944hegotintotheInstituteofTsinghuaUniversity,afterthathestudiedinEurope.•BythetimeXureturnedhome,hebecameanEnglishandFrenchprofessorinCollegeofForeignLanguagesinBeijing,Zhangjiakou,Luoyang.•In1983,XuenteredPekingUniversityandservedasaprofessorinForeignStudiesUniversity，InstituteofInternationalRelations,SchoolofJournalism.•In1991,Xuretired.Hepublishedtwentyworksbeforetheretirement,andafterthathecontinuedtopublishfortyworks.Translationworks•《诗经》TheBookofSongs•《楚辞》TheSongsofChu•《李白诗选》SelectedPoemsofLiBai•《西厢记》RomanceoftheWesternChamber•《红与黑》TheRedandTheBlack•《包法利夫人》MadameBovary•《追忆似水年华》RemembranceofThingsPast《许渊冲赞两首》（其一）：许是天公赐译才，渊深海阔踏歌来。冲霄信步诗词苑，赞我中华大擂台。（王永泰作）XYZSONG(I)Xu,RespectedTranslatorgiftedbyLordofSky,Youwalkpoeticoceans,singinspirithigh.Zealforpoemscourt,yourmelodiesskywardfly,SongsofChina’shugearenasforpoetstovie.（吴伟雄译）《许渊冲赞两首》（其二）：许诺何难实干难，渊源远愿译为餐。冲茶款客诗词宴，赞美人生不赋闲。（王永泰作）XYZSONG(II)Xu,believingpromisemucheasierthanpractice,Youtaketranslationasmeals,thedailybusiness.Zestingpoets’salons,yourlifecomposesamasterSongtoastudiousandevertirelesstranslator.（吴传雄译）Honors•In1999，XuYuanchongwasnominatedfortheNobelPrizeinliterature.•In2010，hewasawardedtranslationculturelifeachievementaward.Content翻译“优化论”三论三美三化三之优化论许渊冲在继承前人学说的基础上，集毕生翻译之经验加以发展，提出了自成一派的翻译理论“优化论”，用“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”这十个字加以概括。这十个字是许渊冲的文学理论翻译观。文学翻译是“美化之艺术”即是“三美”，“三化”，“三之”的艺术；“美化”就是“创优”，“优”就有高低之分，所以创优就是竞赛，看哪种语言更能够表达原作的内容。总的来说，文学译论也可以说是“创优似竞赛”。优是文学翻译的本体论，创是方法论，似是目的论，竞赛是认识论。译诗之三论三论三美三化三之音美形美意美三美意美音美形美是译诗的本体论。意美是要再现原诗的意境美，音美是要和原诗一样有悦耳的节奏，形美主要指译诗的行数分节跟原诗相当。“欲穷千里目更上一层楼”•Youcanenjoyagrandersight,•Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.•Wishyouanendlessviewtocheeryoueyes,•Thenonmorestorymountandhigherrise.三化深化等化浅化“三化”（深化等化浅化）是译诗的方法论。“深化”包括加词分译;“等化”包括换词合译；“浅化”包括减词反译.•生当作人杰•死亦为鬼雄•至今思项羽•不肯过江东•Bemanofmenwhileyou’realive,•Andsoulofsoulsifyouweredead.•ThinkofXiangYuwho’dnotsurvive,•Hismenwhosebloodforhimwasshed.夜静青山空•nightfallsandtheverymountainsdissolveintothevoid三之知之好之乐之“三之”(知之好之乐之）是译诗的目的论。知之是使人理解，这是翻译的基本要求；然后是好之，能使人喜欢；最高的境界是乐之，是使人愉快。蜡烛有心还惜别替人垂泪到天明•Thecandlegrievestoseeuspart,•Itmeltsintearswithbrunt-outheart.•Eventhecandle,feelingoursadness,•Weeps,sowedo,allnightalong.许渊冲的翻译作品组员：余昕蕊21“”音形意的体现许渊冲经典翻译作品赏析3/14/2020关雎•关关雎鸠，•在河之洲。•窈窕淑女，•君子好逑•Byriversidearecooing.•Apairofturtledoves.•Agoodyoungmaniswooing.•Afairmaidenheloves3/14/2020《七绝·为女民兵题照》•中华儿女多奇志，•不爱红装爱武装毛泽东3/14/2020许渊冲的经典翻译•MostChinesedaughtershavedesiretostrong•Tofacethepowderandnottopowdertheface.3/14/2020李商隐《无题》•“相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残”It’sdifficultforustomeetandhardtopart.Theeastwindistooweaktoreviveflowersdead3/14/2020•春蚕到死丝方尽，•蜡炬成灰泪始干•Springsilkwormtillitsdeathspinssilkfromlovesickheart.•Andcandlesbutwhenburneduphavenotearstoshed3/14/2020总结•许渊冲翻译实践的四大特点:•以诗译诗、文字优美兼顾双语、韵律和谐体现诗美、意象传达力求完整•译界对许氏理论有着不同看法,褒扬者有之,反对者亦不少。•许渊冲对中国文化向外传播和建立中国学派的翻译理论体系做出了巨大贡献。