高考总复习不定式专题

1高考热点：动词不定式动词不定式的构成：todo解读：动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。动词不定式的形式变化语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding被动tobebuilttohavebeenbuilt动词不定式的基本用法：这里只学习不定式做主语，宾语，和状语的用法，它作定语和宾补的用法与分词一块学习。一．作主语句型：Itis/was+形容词/可数名词单数+todosth解读1：不定式作主语常见的是it作形式主语，放在句首，将真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子后面。经典例句：1)It’seasytobewiseaftertheevent.2)Itiseasiertospendmoneythantomakemoney.3)It’sbettertolovesomeoneyoucan’thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan’tlove.4)Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate解读2：此外形式主语it不能用that、this来替换。这也是不定式作主语时的考点。出题句型是：______is/was+形容词/可数名词单数+todo此句型特别重要，要牢记。判断下列句子读错，并说明理由：1．Thisisimpossibleforpeopletostaredirectlyatthesun..2．Duetotherefractionoflightrays,thisisimpossibleforthenakedeyetodeterminetheexactlocationofastarclosetothehorizon.解读3：it作形式主语，不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，通常用for+名词（代词）或of+名词（代词）放在不定式的前面。此时不定式的语态须看与逻辑主语的主被动关系。For与of的区别是初中内容。经典例题：1.Is_______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it2.Thedoctorthought____wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.(2010全国卷II14).A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3..It’simportantforthefigures_________regularly.（2011北京卷）A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated二．作宾语1.直接作宾语句型：动词（vt）+todo解读：直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。这时句子有以下两个特点：第一：句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。第二：这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度；不定式动作则说明行为。经典例句：1)Nobodywantstobelaughedat.2)Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.经典例题：1.Idon'twant____likeI'mspeakingiiiofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.(2005天津卷)A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京卷)A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop3.Asayoungman,Ihate______________inpublic.A.laughedatB.tobelaughedatC.tolaughatD.laughingat2.句型：某些及物动词+连词+todo解读：在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what,who,which）或连接副词（how,when,where）及连词whether后面接一个带to的动词不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：ask,decide,explain,forget,findout,guess,imagine,know,wonder.经典例句：1)Iwonderwhotoinvite.2)Showuswhattodo.3)Idon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.考点解读：①不定式的语态：必须用主动形式，此时易误选为被动形式。②当连接词为代词时，不定式为及物动词，且其后不加宾语。经典例题：1.There’ssomuchdeliciousfood!Ican’tdecided________.A.whattoeatB.whentoeatC.howtoeatD.wheretoeat2.Canyoutellme________ontheInternet?A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.wherecanIsearchD.whencanIsearch3.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2009四川卷)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had3．不定式作宾语后置：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，构成句型“动词+it+宾补（名词或形容词）+宾语todo”。2经典例句：Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我觉得很难一下子回答这个问题。Hefeelsitchallengingtobeamarketingsupervisor.经典例题：1.Usingmanysymbolsmakestoputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.A.possibleB.itispossibleC.itpossibleD.thatpossible2.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005全国卷1)A.thatB.itC.thisD.him3.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade______herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.(2006湖南卷)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it4.I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006山东卷)A.thatB.itC.thisD.you5.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010辽宁卷33)A.soB.muchC.thatD.it6.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind______difficulttotellonefromtheother.（2011山东卷）A.itB.themC.herD.that7.Newtechnologieshavemade____possibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.【2012四川】A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it三.状语构成以下几种句型句型1：形容词+todo（语言山表述为：形容词后面的动词不定式）解读1：该形容词为表示动作特点的形容词时，一般做两种成分：表语和宾补★当该形容词作表语时，句子主语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。★当该形容词作宾补时，句子宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。经典例句：1)Sheisverynicetotalkto.2)Maryiseasytogetonwith.3)IfindEnglishdifficulttospeak.4)IfindFootballveryinterestingtowatch.★此句型三大考点①不定式动词一般不用被动形式：（最容易出错）②不定式后不能再加宾语：③不定式动词所带的介词不能省略：经典例题：1.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.（2011安徽卷）A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak2.Thismachineisveryeasy______.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.【2012辽宁】A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperated解读2：在本句型中，如果形容词是表示人的性格特征（如：brave,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,generous,kind,等）或情绪感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的词。句子主语或宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的主谓关系.经典例句：1)Hewaskindtohelpus.2)Theboywascarelesstobreakthewindow.3)Wethinktheboycarelesstobreakthewindow.经典例题：1.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon.【2012全国卷II】A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched2.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed3.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁卷)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound4.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.（2011福建卷）A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold句型2：不定式作目的状语，可构成句型：Todo/Inordertodosth,主语+谓语或主语+谓语+todo/inordertodo/soastodo.经典例句：1.Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetredofarat.]2.Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy;buttoacquirewisdom,onemustobserve.3.Wehadbetterstartearlytocatchthetrain.4.Wehadbetterstartearlysoastocatchthetrain.5.Iwenttothepostofficeinordertomailaletter.经典解读：1.soasto一般不用在句首。但todo或inordertodo可提到句首。2.目的状语放在句首时，和句子之间要有“，”间隔；当目的状语位