定语从句基本概念

GrammarRevisionoftheAttributive1.定语从句的构成两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词关系词：引导定语从句的词2.关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句Step3.关系代词先行词人事物人＋事物主语who/thatwhich/thatthat宾语who(m)/thatwhich/thatthat定语whosewhose/ofwhichIhaveasister.+SheworksinShanghai.=Ihaveasister___________worksinShanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海。Hewantstoseetheman.+ThemanisinShanghai.=Theman______________hewantstoseeisinShanghai.Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.=Haveyoufoundthepen___________youlostyesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which)Doyouknowthegirl?+Hermotherworkshere.=Doyouknowthegirl________motherworkshere?Iliveinaroom.+itswindowfacessouth.=Iliveinaroom________windowfacessouth.whosewhose=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ofwhichthewindowExercises1.Lookatthelady_______nameisPochi.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that2.Thosepictures________weredrawnbyTomarenice.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which3.Thegirl________couldsingwellwenttoEurope.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whoeverStep4.关系副词先行词状语地点where时间when原因why/forwhichThisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）=Iwasbornthere（副词).=Thisisthehouse_______Iwasborn.=____which注意区别：Thisisthehouse____________Iwasbornin.(which/that)whereinWewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.=Wewillneverforgettheday______wewillholdtheOlympicGames.____which注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday____________Ispentwithyoulastyear.(which/that)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.=forwhichwhenon判断关系词的步骤：步骤一辨别出先行词步骤二确定先行词在从句中所充当的成分步骤三查看有无特殊情况注意：1.Thankyouforthebookyougaveittomeyesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。what不能用于定语从句中2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.Tellmewhatyouknow.thattellsb.sth,3.在介词＋whom/which结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.Thisisthehero_____whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofturntosb.forhelp4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级＋）of＋whom/which结构中，表所属关系，”…当中的…”Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.whichThereare54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.whom5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：①that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句②why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.③在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose④在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,asAlicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_______cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he_______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What区别：a.which只能放在句末，而as从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.从意义上讲，which意为“这一点’,而as却可表示”正如那样“，有些as从句已成了固定句型,如：Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyousay,asIcansee,Asisreported,asyoumayhaveheard……