25南京师范大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析

ⅠUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish，fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1，theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoples，andonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelsh，Scottish，orIrish，3thecasemaybe；theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas“English”.Gengduoyuanxiaowanzhengkaoboyingyuzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqiEveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondon，peoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents，8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually“9”thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanGengduoyuanxiaowanzhengkaoboyingyuzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqiSoutherners，andaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable；foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13：，forinstance，maylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter“R”isgenerallyastrongsound，and“R”isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious，cautious，thriftypeople，18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritain（theWelsh，theIrish，theScots）arefrequently19asbeingmore“fiery”thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.（289words）Notes：fiery暴躁的，易怒的。1.[A]Inconsequence[B]Inbrief[C]Ingeneral[D]Infact2.[A]confine[B]attach[C]refer[D]add3.[A]as[B]which[C]for[D]so4.[A]with[B]by[C]at[D]for5.[A]similarities[B]differences[C]certainties[D]features6.[A]factor[B]virtue[C]privilege[D]division7.[A]line[B]row[C]border[D]scale8.[A]who[B]when[C]though[D]for9.[A]wider[B]broader[C]rarer[D]scarcer10.[A]used[B]apt[C]possible[D]probable11.[A]perfect[B]notorious[C]superior[D]thorough12.[A]swiftly[B]promptly[C]immediately[D]quickly[A]appetites[B]tastes[C]interests[D]senses14.[A]helpings[B]offerings[C]fillings[D]findings15.[A]designate[B]demonstrate[C]represent[D]reckon16.[A]delivered[B]denoted[C]depicted[D]defined17.[A]quiet[B]obscure[C]faint[D]silent18.[A]rather[B]still[C]somehow[D]even19.[A]rendered[B]thought[C]impressed[D]described20.[A]with[B]of[C]among[D]againstSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Text1Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown，andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous，thatis，scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ournatureisnotconsideredasimmutable，eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury，thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles，responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex，andyet，scarcelytwentyyearsago，thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”。，withafewminorexceptions，thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespectivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction，raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhierarchicalmodel，lastedthroughoutthisperiod，appealingforitsjustificationtonature，religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily，bysatisfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbetweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstnature，adeviationfromthenorm.Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women'splacewas，firstandforemost，inthehome.Theoutsideworld，i.e.workshops，factoriesandbusinessfirms，belongedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld（privateandpublic）gaverisetoastrictdichotomybetweentheattitudes，whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman，sequesteredathome，“cared，nurturedandconserved”。Todothis，shehadnoneedtobedaring，ambitious，toughorcompetitive.Theman，ontheotherhand，competingwithhisfellowmen，wascaughtupeverydayinthestruggleforsurvival，andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnatural，manywomengoouttowork，andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditi