中职-语文-unit-11-friendship语法

Unit11Friendship英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语1.You'dbetterstartearly,oryouwillbelate.2.Jimstudiedhardallthetime,andhepassedtheexamscuccessfully.3.Iknowwherehelives,butIdon'tknowtheexactaddress.4.Ihaveneverheardofthebook,soIknownothingaboutit.并列句:简单句+and\or\but\so+简单句复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.定语从句状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.（宾语从句）名词性从句---1.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.2.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.宾语从句表语从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等名词性从句：由一个从句在句子中作宾语，这个句子就叫宾语从句。在句子中充当及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语、形容词的宾语Forexample:1.Iknowsheliveshere.2.Fatheristhinkingofhowwecangettothestation?3.IamsorrythatIamlateforclass.什么是宾语？•Iknowhim.•Doyouhavethetime?•Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?•Ienjoyworkingwithyou.宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连接词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态引导词句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句If/whether（是否）特殊疑问词特殊疑问句宾语从句的连接词：类别关联词特点１.从属连词that,whether/if只起连接作用，不充当从句成分。２.连接代词who,whom,what，which,whose起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语或定语３.连接副词when,where,how，why起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。•Theyknowtheteacher.•Theyknowthattheteacherisaman.AsentenceservingasobjectiscalledObjectClause.GrammarObjectClause主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语宾语从句由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句由连接代词who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句eg.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）hewillbebackinanhour注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。eg.2.Hesaid(that)____________________.（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)_____________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun一、连接词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.•Exercise:•1.Hesaid____everyonewashereexceptLinFeng.a.thatb.whatc.whend.where•2.Myfriendsays.Heisateacher.(变成宾语从句）Myfriendsays(that)heisateacher.由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句。1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_______________________?（他们在等谁）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingfor3.Heasked____________________________________.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheis8.Couldyoutellme_________________________.（我该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_________________.（为什么火车迟到了）howIcangettothestationwhythetrainislateeg.1.Iwanttoknow-_________________________________（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancome由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句3.Idon’tknow____________________________.（是否要下雨）whetheritisgoingtorainornot由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在动词不定式前：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用区别Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether1.引导词陈述句→that一般疑问句→if/whether特殊疑问句→特殊疑问词2.语序---陈述句语序3.时态主句—过去时→从句—过去类时态主句—现在时→从句—任何时态回顾与总结4.当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，expect，believe等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中，构成否定转移5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。Makeupasmanysentencesasyoucan.1Ithink(that)2Hesays(that)3She’ssure(that)4Theydon’tbelieve(that)5Weknow(that)Maryisagoodfriend.Tomislookingforabookinthelibrary.theywillgototheconcert.thesmilechangedherlife.hecanmakefriendswithmanypeople.3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which；whose；when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhen/wherewearrived.Iaskedhimwhere/how/whyIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho\whom\whatwehavetosee.二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.(live)Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.(come)•TheteacheraskedIwaslatetoday.•Doyoustillrememberhesaidinthemeeting?•Doyouknowtheyarewaitingfor?•Cany