ESD Introduction

1LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.•ESDIntroduction•ESDRegulation•ComponentIntroduction•SolutionProvider•ApplicationvsProducts•LITEONESDProducts•Q&APresentationbyRickyChienAgent2LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.ESDIntroduction3LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.WhatisESD(ElectrostaticDischarge)?4LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.TableofTypicalGeneratedElectrostaticVoltagesExamplesofStaticGenerationTypicalVoltageLevelsMeansofGeneration10-25%RH65-90%RHWalkingacrosscarpet35,000V1,500VWalkingacrossvinyltile12,000V250VWorkeratbench6,000V100VPolybagpickedupfrombench20,000V1,200VChairwithurethanefoam18,000V1,500V5LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.ImplicationsofESDonICindustryMajorreliabilitythreatinICindustry:-Causeofapproximately1/3ofICfailures-ESDprotectionisverychallengingagainstrapidlychangingtechnologiesStandardmodelisusedtocharacterizeESD:-HumanBodyModel(HBM)-MachineModel(MM)-ChargedDeviceModel(CDM)ESDcontrolisindispensablethroughoutdevices’life:-Eliminatingstaticchargesfromtheworkplaces-Properhandlingfrommanufacturing,shippingandfieldhandling-On-chipprotection(clampinputvoltageandbypassESDcurrent)6LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.HUMANBODYMODEL(HBM)7LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.MACHINEMODEL(MM)8LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.ElectrostaticDischarge(ESD)IEC61000-4-29LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.ESDREQUIREMENTS(U.S.A.)HumanBodyModel+/-2kVRequiredbymostcustomersWaiversgivenat1KVinsomecases+/-4kVDelco(AutoManufacturer)+/-8kVOnSpecialAutomotivePins(PowerOutputs)MachineModelNoStandardforreliabletestingWaiversgivento100Vinsomecases10LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.ESDRegulation11LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.静電放電的測試法規•回顧10年來國際間關於耐靜電測試的法規，在半導體及電子產業界幾乎都已經熟悉美軍標準MIL-STD-883.Method3015所定義之人體靜電放電模式(ESDHumanBodyModel)，且都接受它的測試水平要求。但近年來由國際電工協會(IEC:InternationalElectro-technicalCommission)所制定的電磁相容基本規範(EMCBasicstandards)中，包含一項靜電測試規範IEC61000-4-2受到國際間多數國家的認同，對系統產品之靜電耐受(immunity)要求及測試方法定義很完整，目前資訊與行動通訊之國際大公司多引用這規範作為成品靜電測試的依據。•IEC61000-4-2主要是以模擬人體靜電放電模式作為放電測試的基本架構，與MIL-STD883所定義之人體靜電放電模式有點相似，最主要差別在於儲能的電容值和放電電阻值不同，則放電能量及靜電蜂值電流自然會有很大差異。12LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.静電放電的測試法規表1所示為軍用標準規範883及國際規範IEC所定義的模擬人體ESD放電基本電路參數。參數比較MIL-STD-883(HBM)IEC61000-4-2(HBM)R1:充電電流限制電阻1-10MW50-100MWR2:放電電阻1500W330W儲能電容100pF150pF表1:MIL-STD-883與IEC61000-4-2之比較先從表1的電容值比較,IEC規範的電容值為軍規883的1.5倍。放電電阻值只約五分之一，這樣的差異，不難瞭解這兩種法規的嚴厲程度的差別,即使在相同的ESD電壓所產生的峰值電流相差五倍。所以對電子元件傷害力也明顯不同，13LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.静電放電的測試法規如圖.所示,8kVESD電壓在MIL-STD-883規範僅產生約5.3A的峰值放電電流，而在IEC61000-4-2規範所產生的放電電流可達到30A,峰值電流大於五倍.這就是大部份產品在通過零件等級的靜電測試後,成品卻有時仍會在系統法規IEC61000-4-2測試失敗的主要原因也因此促使IEC61000-4-2成為多數人所接受之系統法規.14LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.静電放電的測試法規IEC61000-4-2與MIL-STD-883放電電流上升時間比較.IEC61000-4-2MIL-STD-883放電測試電壓(kV)峰值放電電流(A)上升時間tr(ns)峰值放電電流(A)上升時間tr(ns)27.50.7-11.32-104120.7-12.62-106250.7-14.02-108300.7-15.32-1015LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.系統產品静電測試IEC61000-4-2模擬人體放電測試方法包括下列事項.空氣放電測試：係模擬人的手指在接觸電子產品時發生靜電放電的情況.靜電槍用8mm的放電頭,對電子產品操作人員經常容易接觸的非金屬部位做測試,測試電壓由低電壓到高電壓,通常測到正負8kV.但法規中保留容許高於正負15kV的測試條件.接觸放電測試：係模擬操作人員直接或間接透過手工具接觸電子產品時發生放電的情況.測試時靜電槍經過放電頭的尖端對待測產品的金屬部位做測放電測試.測試電壓仍由低到高,通常測到正負4kV.此項測試法規保留容許高於正負8kV的測試條件.水平與垂直金屬板放電測試:係模擬操作人員靠近電子產品接觸臨近的物品放電時,產生耦合場效應,這項測試是以靜電槍對平行板及水平板放電方式執行.測試電壓條件與接觸放電測試相同.16LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.IEC61000-4-2測試電壓規定執行ESD測試的電壓由低到高的規定,是因為被測試的產品偶爾在低壓放電時會出現失效現象,但在最高電壓放電時反而不見失效現象.因此在法規中有明確定義電壓值須要從最高電壓的25%,50%,75%,100%逐漸增加,ContactdischargeAirdischargeLevelVoltagekVLevelVoltagekV1±21±22±42±43±63±84±84±15XSpecialXSpecial註(1):X保留對產品各別指定的測試規格.(2):測試環境相對濕度須保持30%–60%;15℃–35℃(3):樣品至少須打200次以上的放電.17LITE-ONSEMICONDUCTORCORP.DISCRETE&ANALOGBusinessGroupLITEONTOTALQUALITYCUSTOMERFOCUSPROJECTEXECUTIONTVS/TSPDDept.HBM--MIL-STD883EDeviceESDVoltageThresholdLevels•