初中英语语法讲解附有练习题

1名词专有:人/事物/地点/机构TianjinFrancetheGreatWallChinese普通:一类人/事物固有名称个体:studenttable物质:waterairrain抽象(动作,状态,品质):futurehelphealth集合:classpeoplefamily表示的事物的性质可数:apentwoboxes(可直接用数字计算的)不可数inkwork用量数+of表示数量apieceofpaper;abottleofwater;threecupsofteaHereisabottleofwine.Therearefourglassesofmilk.Ineedaboxofapples.Therearetwobasketsofeggsonthetable.可数名词:单数复数:规则与不规则规则:直接+smapsbags以sxshch结尾+esbrusheswatchesboxesbuses辅音字母+y结尾,把y变i+escitiesfamilies(boys)以f,fe结尾,把f,fe变v+esknivesleaves(roofs,handkerchiefs)以o结尾+espotatoestomatoes(pianos,photos,radios)不规则:childrenfeetteethmicemenwomenFrenchmen(Germans,humanbeings)单复数一样:ChineseJapanesefishdeersheep形式单数意义复数:cattlepolicepeopleThepeoplehereareveryfriendly.以复数形式出现:clothes,glasses,shoes,stockings,trousersHisclothesareoverthere.名词所有格:有生命的东西的名词+‘s表示谁的Tom’sfriends;thestudents’books;theteacher’soffice;thestudents’readingroom表几个人共有一样东西:BeiandRong’sroomisveryclean.表各自所有:Liu’sandPeng’smothersarebothteachers.省略:避免重复Thisisnotmybrother’sglassbutmyhusband’s.表示店铺,某人家时thedoctor’s(office);theGreen’s(house);thetailor’s(shop)指时间,距离的名词也可用名词所有格Beijing’spopulation;fiveminutes’walk;today’snewspaper表无生命的东西的名词所有关系,用of形式Thelegofthetable;thecoverofthebook双重所有格:of短语+名词所有格afriendofmysister’s;apictureofMrs.Wang’s(apictureofMrs.Wang)名词在句子中的作用TheteachertaughtusanEnglishsongyesterday.MydaughterlikesChinese.Lindawaselectedmonitor.WenamedherBeibei.Wewouldliketovisitacarfactory.JohnDavid,afamousAmericasinger,diedinanaircraftcrash.名词练习题例题:Pleasekeepquiet.Ifyoumakealotof,youmaydisturbothers.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.singing——Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?——Yes,,please.A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolatesC.somecakesD.twobottlesoforangeThisisroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.Lucy’sandLily’sB.Lucy’sandLilyC.LucyandLily’sAfterplayingfootballformorethanahalfhour,thestudentstookrest.A.afewminute’sB.afewminutes’C.alittleminute’sD.alittleminutes’1.TherearefiftysixinChina.A.peopleB.peoplesC.people’sD.ofpeople2.Thereisnotenoughinthecornertoputthetable.A.placeB.roomC.floorD.ground3.ThenewpairofwhichIboughtyesterdayismadeof.A.glasses;glassB.glass;glassC.glasses;glassesD.glass;glasses4.TheWhitestoChinaforholidaythissummer.A.isgoingtoflyB.flyC.aregoingtoflyD.flies5.Hetoldushehadsome,some,twodogs,andacowonhisfarm.A.sheeps;chickensB.sheep;chickensC.sheep;chickenD.sheeps;chicken6.Therehavebeenalotofinourcitysince1990.A,womandoctorsB.womandoctorC.womendoctorD.womendoctors7.Thesevisitorsarefrom.Buttheyareprobablynot,becausetheyspeak.A.German;German;FrenchB.Germany;Germen;FranceC.Germany;Germans;FrenchD.German;Germans;France8.Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photoC.informationD.message9.Ifthereisabigfootballmatch,severalwillwatchthetraffic.A.hundredspolicesB.hundredspoliceC.hundredpolicesD.hundredpolice10.Theoldteacherisafriendof.A.myeldestbrother’sB.myeldestbrotherC.myeldestbrothers’D.myeldestbrothers11.Thisbookwillbeinyourstudies.2A.ofgreatuseB.ofhelpfulC.withcareD.greatimportance12.Theteacherswhoarecomingtousaremothers.A.RoseandDick’sB.Rose’sandDick’sC.RoseandDicks’D.RoseandDick13.——Isthisnewspaper?——Yes,it’smy.A.today’s;fatherB.today’s;father’sC.today;father’sD.today;father14.Thenewshopsellsclothesandshoes.A.womenB.women’sC.womens’D.woman’s15.Itisaboutwalkfromheretothestation.A.halfanhours’B.ahalfhours’C.halfahour’sD.halfanhour’s16.Whatwearehavingtoday!A.thefineweatherB.afineweatherC.fineaweatherD.fineweather()1._____aregoingtoEnglandforaholiday.A.TheWangB.Wang’sC.TheWang’sD.TheWangs()2.Therearemany_____intheschool.A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher()3._____turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs()4.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytothe_____shop?A.shoeB.shoes’C.shoesD.shoe’s()5.Helpyourselvestosome_____,dearchildren!A.fishsB.fishesC.fishD.thefish()6._____hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()7.Doyoubelievethattherearetwo_____inmyclass?A.MariesB.MarysC.Mary’sD.Marys’()8.Hisfamily_____ahappyone.A.beB.areC.isD.was()10.Mygrandparentslike_____verymuch,sotheygrowsomeintheir_____gardeneveryyear.A.vegetable,vegetableB.vegetable,vegetablesC.vegetables,vegetablesD.vegetables,vegetable3冠词不可独立使用,放在名词前不定冠词aan定冠词:the不定冠词用法:a+一般名词an+发音以元音音素开头的名词ahouse;auniversity;abook;anhour;anumbrella;anapple1.第一次提到某人,某物Thereisaballunderthechair.Mrs.Liisamathteacher.2.代表某类人/物Ahorseisausefulanimal.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.3.表示每一的Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.4.固定词组(平时积累)havearest;alongtime;afew;alotof;abit;gooutforawalk定冠词the这个;那个;这些;那些1.特指某个人/某物;谈话双方都知道的事物;重复提到过的人/事物Theyareplayingbasketball.Theballishers.WouldyoupleasetakethebooktoMr.Liu?Thereisatablebythewindow.Onthetabletherearesomebooks.2.用在世界上独一无二的事物前;方位名词前LiuBeibeiwantstovisittheSummerPalace.Thesunsetsinthewest.3.用在单数可数名词前,表示某类人或事物Thecomputerisaveryusefulmachine.Theelephantisbiggerthanthehorse.4.用在序数词,形容词或副词最高级或only修饰的名词前ThisisthefirsttimehevisitsEurope.Heisthebestteachertheyhaveevermet.SheistheonlyteacherwhohasbeentobothAmericaandBritain.5.用在乐器前Mydaughterlikestoplaythepiano.(表球类,棋类名词前不用)6.the+adj表示某类人或事物thepoor;theyoung;thewounded7.the+姓氏复数形式,表示…一家人或夫妇TheGreensarewatchingTVn