M7U1grammar

Grammarandusage--------TransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbsRevisionJudgewhetherthefollowingsentencesarerightorwrong1.Heislisteningtheteachercarefully.2.Theyalwayswantacupofteaafterlunch.3.Heissendingnow.4.Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceedinpassingtheexam.5.Ourchildrenaretaughttoserveforthepeoplewholeheartedly.6.Thepeniswrittenwell.listentosendsthservethepeoplewritesDefinition英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语可把动词分成及物动词（transitiveverbs/vt.)和不及物动词（intransitiveverbs/vi.)（1）及物动词后必须跟宾语意义才能完整。(2)大多数及物动词可用于被动语态，不及物动词不能用于被动语态。Heissendingsthnow.Heislisteningtotheteachercarefully.不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须在其后添加某个介词然后再跟宾语。及物动词（transitiveverbs)（1）主语+谓语+宾语（n,pron,todo,doing,objectclause)她前天到达巴黎。2011年底，中国发射了一颗卫星。司机没能及时发现另一辆车。ShereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.Chinalaunchedasatelliteattheendof2011.Thedriverfailedtoseethecarfromtheotherside.及物动词指后面必须跟宾语意义才能完整的实义动词。(2)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。这两个宾语称之为双宾语。常见的可以接双宾语的及物动词有：give,pay,tell,show,send,bring,wish,teach,make,buy,pass,lend,return,hand,etc.如果间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，则由介词to,for等引出，成为介词间接宾语。give;show;pass;lend;tell……buy;make;cook;get;sing;……(3)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（n;adj;adv;prep;todo;doing;ppv.)Theyaskedustogofishingwiththem.Theconcertmadeherapopularsingerovernight.SatellitesmakeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities.Hefoundhimselflyinginbedwhenhecametolife.Don’talwayskeepthechildrenindoors.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfoundthemselves_____forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost及物动词的语态大多数及物动词都可以用于被动语态，但某些及物动词和动词短语不行。（1）表示“拥有”“容纳”“缺少”等概念的动词。Hehasanewcar.Thenewly-constructedreserviorholdsalotofwater.holds(2)当句子的谓语动词是表示“适合”的及物动词，如suit,fit等时，没有相应的被动语态。TheblueskirtssuitsMaryverywell.Weshouldfitourdeedstoourwords.不及物动词（intransitiveverbs)不及物动词指本身意义完整后不须跟宾语的实义动词，若要跟宾语，必须在其后添加某个介词然后再跟宾语。（1）主语+谓语（vi）(1)Mywatchstoppped.(2)Shespokeatthemeetingyesterday.(3)Morechallengeslieaheadofme.(4)Thewaterrosehigherandhigher,asaresult,morethan1,000peoplehadtoleavetheirhome.(2)主语+谓语（vi)+介词+宾语Ilistened,butcouldhearnothing.Everybodylistenedtothelecturewithgreatinterest.不及物动词没有被动语态Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_____now.A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin都是作“开始”讲。Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似的还有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve...既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的“消散”。Wesawthemountainwhenthecloudslifted.作及物动词时是“升高；举起”。如：Heliftedhisglassanddrank.类似的还有：beatvi.跳动vt.敲、打growvi.生长vt.种植playvi.玩耍vt.打（牌、球），演奏smellvi.发出（气味）vt.嗅ringvi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speakvi.讲话vt.说（语言）hangvi.悬挂vt.绞死operatevi.动手术vt.操作需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语。如：Idreamedadreamlastnight.我昨晚做了个梦。PractiseStudents’bookPage9PartA&PartB误：dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误：dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事易误用作及物动词的不及物动词：误：knockthedoor正：knockon[at]thedoor敲门误：operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误：participatesth.正：participateinsth.参加某事误：refersth.正：refertosth.查阅（参考)某物误：relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人某物误：replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物，如insist，reply等动词后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。Hisideaissoundedreasonable.Whowillanswertothisquestion?HearrivedShanghaiyesterday.Hehopestoserveforhisnation.Nothingcanescapefromhisparents’eyes.WhendidSusanmarrywithPaul?Hechargedwithmefivedollarsforacupoftea.Theycouldprobablydealallkindsofsituation.Weshouldn’talwaysdependourparents.soundsinwithonHomeworkFinishC1andC2onpage100.兼作及物动词和不及物动词ShallIbeginatonce?Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.WhendidtheyleaveBeijing?Theyleftlastweek.She’sstudyingmedicine.Shestudieshard.She’stypingaletter.She’styping.Don’tmovemythings.Thetrainismovingnow.意义相同Shecouldn’tstandthecold.Don’tstandintherain.Washyourhandsbeforemeals.Doesthisclothwashwell.意义不同