高考英语专题复习 构词法课件

运用构词法，增加英语词汇量意义英语单词虽然难学、难记，但它们一般是有规律可寻，这种规律被称之为构词法。英语构词法是英语词汇学的重要组成部分，它揭示了词汇的构成方式，是学习词汇、迅速扩大词汇量的十分有效的方法。如果我们从构词法入手，了解和掌握英语词汇的基本构成方式，就可以使词汇学习变得简单、高效，从而迅速扩大词汇量就可以成为一种可能。Oneyearago,whenFionaturnedfour,SamandIdecidedtohome-schoolherinsteadofsendinghertopre-school.（1）school从名词“学校”转化为动词“教育某人”。（2）同时school与home构成合成一个单词，意为“以家庭的方式教育某人”，“在家里教育某人”。这是“名词+动词=合成动词”。（3）pre-school是由前缀“pre-”（表示“先于，在……之前”的意思）加词根school而构成的派生词，所以它的中文意义是指“幼儿园”。构词法1.合成法2.转化法3.派生法4.缩略法由词根加前缀或后缀构成新词。一、派生法否定前缀un-dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible一些重要的前缀：1.re-再……retell,remarry,review2.mini-微型的minibus,miniskirt3.tele-远的telescope,telephone4.mid-中间midnight,mid-autumn5.en-使……enlarge,enrich,ensure6.fore-在……前面foresee，forecast7.pre-提前，预先preview，prepay一些重要的后缀：1.表示人的有：-er,-or,-an,-ress,-ist……如：cleaner,driver,inventor,professor,Asian,Russian,hostess,actress,artist,scientist……2.表示名词的后缀有：-ment,-tion,-sion,-al,-ance,-th,-ness,-dom……如：agreement,development,celebration,competition,arrival,proposal,importance,confidence,truth,length,happiness,darkness,freedom,wisdom3.表示形容词后缀的有：-ful,-ble,-al,-less,-ly,-ous,-y,-ern,-en……如：useful,hopeful,comfortable,enjoyable,natural,musical,careless,hopeless,homeless,friendly,weekly,lovely,famous,dangerous,cloudy,windy,eastern,western,woolen,wooden4.表示副词后缀的有：-ly如：excitedly,finally,slowly,surprisingly……1.Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?睡过头2.Readingcan______yourlife.(rich)enrich二、合成法把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。用这种方法可以合成名词、形容词、代词、副词和动词等等。•waiting-room•kind-hearted•anyone•upstairs•overweightForthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.生死攸关的三、转化法由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.不要自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你。handn./v.lookv./n.emptyadj./v.goldn./adj.beforeprep./conj.四、缩略法DVDigitalVideoSOSSaveOurShipVIPVeryImportantPerson练一练：一、指出下面划线单词的词类及意义。1.Everymorningwegetwaterfromthewellandwatertheyoungplantswell.2.Thelessonslastfromonetothree,andthelastlessonisEnglish.3.ImustworkhardsothatImayfinishthehardworkbyAugust.4.Hewrotethosewordsslowly,“Driveslow!”二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Youmustdotheexercises____________(care).carefully2.Abusinesscan’trunwellwithoutgood___________(manage).3.Hewasso____________(kindness)thathegavememanystorybooks.managementkind三、选择划线部分中的单词的意义。（）1.Don’tlistentohisnonsense.A.foolishtalkormeaninglesswordsB.beautifulwordsC.clevertalkormeaningfulwordsA()2.Hemisunderstoodme.A.understoodrightlyB.understoodwronglyC.didn’tunderstandB()3.Herenamedtherestaurant“Paradise”.A.calledB.namedafterC.gaveanewnameC