时间状语从句

时间状语从句讲解一．时间状语从句的引导词：as,after,before,while,once（一旦……就）since,till,until,when,aslongas(只要),nowthat(既然),一……就….assoonas,hardly....when...,scarcely....when...,nosooner...than...二．as,while,when,①主句表示的是短暂动作,从句说的是一段时间,这时三者都可以使用.1.Ienteredtheroomwhen/while/astheyweretalking.2.Theyweretalkingwhen/asIenteredtheroom.②as和when可以和非延续性动词连用.而while则不能.1.Theysetoutwhen/asthesnowstopped.2.Hefoundhisticketmissingas/whentheferry（渡船）arrived.③when可以表示＂正在那时,突然＂而while/as则不能．1.Wewereflyingkiteswhenitbegantorain.2.Hewastakingawalkwhenheheardthebeautifulmusic.④when,while后接形容词，_ing,和过去分词，as后接名词，引导不完整的时间状语从句（这时主从句中的主语要一致．）1.Cometohelpuswhen/while（itis）possible.2.When/While(youare)crossingthestreet,becareful.3.When/While(youare)tired,havearest.4When(Iam)invited,Iwillgototheparty.5.Asaboy,helivedinthecountry.=When/Ashewasaboy,helivedinthecountry.⑤as强调＂同一时间，一先一后＂还有＂随着＂的意思．1.Astimegoeson,heknowsitsimportance.三.till/until当前面的动词是瞬间动词用not…until,是延续性动词用until.till=until1.Don’topenthedooruntilthebusstops.（not…until直到……才,在……之前不）2.Iwon’tleave/gountilhecomesback.3.Iwillwaituntilhecomesback.4.Theywillliveinthisflatuntilthenewoneisready.5.Ididn’tmanagetodoituntilyouhadshownmehow.6.Theboydidn’tgotobedtill10:00.7.Goonuntilyoureachtheend.4.主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来．1.IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveatthehoteltonight.ImaycallyouassoonasIarriveatthehoteltonight.LetmecallyouassoonasIarriveatthehoteltonight.2.Theywillgohikingwhenitdoesn’traintomorrow.=Theywillnotgohikingwhenitrainstomorrow.3.Pleasetellustheresultwhenyoucomehere.4.Wecanfinishtheworkwhentimepermits.5.Hewillsendmeane-mailassoonashegetshome.6.Icanseeyouoffwhenyouleavetoday.1.when,while,as,after,before,assoonas,since,till/until,bythetime在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.（延续性的动词）2.Wewereabouttoleavewhen/ashecamein.3.WhenIhadreadthearticle,hecalledme.(从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when)4.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)5.Hewasabouttoleave,whenthetelephonerang.其实还可以是“尽管”、“虽然”、“既然”、“本该...却...（对比）、“如果”、“考虑到”的意思。6.Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.(尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。)7.Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceedednexttime.尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。1.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret_________someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whenD.while分析：答案C。2.Iwasabouttogoout______thetelephonerang.A.whenB.suddenlyC.assoonasD.directly分析：答案A。3.Wewereswimminginthelake______thestormstarted.A.whenB.suddenlyC.untilD.before分析：答案A。4.Shewaswalkingdowntheroad_____sheheardsomeoneshoutingforhelp.A.whenB.suddenlyC.untilD.before分析：答案A。While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，用于时间较长时；并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对比译为‘而’）。1.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.(wasreading是延续性的动词，wasreading和waswatching同时发生)2.Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.（对比）3.Wouldyoubuymesomestampswhileyouareinthepostoffice?4.Whilelockedupinprison,shewroteherfirstnovel.5.WhileMarywaswritingaletter,thechildrenwereplayingoutside.As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于强调主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”、表示对比时，用于发生时间较短时：1.Weshouldtakenotesas/when/whilewehaveclasses.2.Wealwayssingaswewalk.（as表示“一边……一边”）3.Asweweregoingout,itbegantosnow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的.）4.Itwasraininghardwhen(as)Igotthere.4.Motherwasworriedas(when/while)fatherwasaway.5.Whilethealienwasbuyingasouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生)6.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.(表转折，对比，when,as都不能代替它)2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。1.Hegottheletterbeforehegottotheoffice.(连词)=Hegottheletterbeforegettingtotheoffice.(介词)2.Thinkbeforeyouleap.(然后）三思而后行。3.HehadgoneoutofthedoorbeforeIcouldsayasinglewordofit.(还没）4.Eatitbeforethefoodgetscold.(趁着）5.Afteryouthinkitover,youcanaskustodiscussitwithothers.=Afterthinkingitover,youcanaskustodiscussitwithothers.6.Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）4.由since引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在Itis＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。①.IhavebeeninBeijingfor3years.=IhavebeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.=Itis(Ithasbeen)3yearssinceIcametoBeijing.②.Thetrainleftthestation5minutesago.=Thetrainhasbeenawayfromthestationsince5minutesago.=Thetrainhasbeenawayfromthestationfor5minutes.=Itis5minutessincethetrainleftthestation.5.themoment,assoonas,hardly....when...,scarcely....when...,nosooner...than...（一……就….）等引导时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如：①IwillgothereassoonasIfinishmybreakfast.②ThemomentIheardthenews,Icouldn’thelpcrying.【注意】hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when/nosooner…than相当于assoonas之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly,scarcely,rarely和nosooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：①Hehadnosoonerarrivedathomethanheturnedoffthecomputer.(他一到家就关掉了电脑。)==Nosoonerhadhearrivedathomethanheturnedoffthecomputer.==Heturnedoffthecomputerassoonashearrivedathome.②ThebusstartedassoonasIgottothebusstop.==HardlyhadIgottothebusstopwhenthebusstarted.==NosoonerhadIgottothebusstopthanthebusstarted.6.由bythetime引导的时间状语从句。在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时或将来进行时。例如：①Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.②Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.7.由whenever=nomatterwhen(无论何时),everytime(每次，每当