世界人权宣言(中英文对照)讲解

世界人权宣言UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights1948年12月10日第217A(III)号决议通过1948年12月10日,联合国大会采认世界人权宣言,请求它的会员国公布该宣言,并在无政治的考量下,在各级学校及教育机构里,传播、张贴、研读及解说其内容。OnDecember10,1948theGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationsadoptedandproclaimedtheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsthefulltextofwhichappearsinthefollowingpages.FollowingthishistoricacttheAssemblycalleduponallMembercountriestopublicizethetextoftheDeclarationandtocauseittobedisseminated,displayed,readandexpoundedprincipallyinschoolsandothereducationalinstitutions,withoutdistinctionbasedonthepoliticalstatusofcountriesorterritories.序言PREAMBLE鉴於对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认,乃是世界自由、正义及和平的基础,Whereasrecognitionoftheinherentdignityandoftheequalandinalienablerightsofallmembersofthehumanfamilyisthefoundationoffreedom,justiceandpeaceintheworld,鉴於对人权的忽视及侮蔑已发展为野蛮暴行,这些暴行玷污了人类的良心,而一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免於恐惧和匮乏的世界的来临,已被宣布为普通人民的最高愿望,Whereasdisregardandcontemptforhumanrightshaveresultedinbarbarousactswhichhaveoutragedtheconscienceofmankind,andtheadventofaworldinwhichhumanbeingsshallenjoyfreedomofspeechandbeliefandfreedomfromfearandwanthasbeenproclaimedasthehighestaspirationofthecommonpeople,鉴於为使人类不致迫不得已铤而走险,对暴政和压迫进行反抗,有必要使人权受法治的保护,Whereasitisessential,ifmanisnottobecompelledtohaverecourse,asalastresort,torebellionagainsttyrannyandoppression,thathumanrightsshouldbeprotectedbytheruleoflaw,鉴於有必要促进各国间友好关系的发展,Whereasitisessentialtopromotethedevelopmentoffriendlyrelationsbetweennations,鉴於联合国国家的人民已在联合国宪章中重申他们对基本人权、人格尊严和价值以及男女平等权利的信心,并决心促成较大自由中的社会进步和生活水平的改善,WhereasthepeoplesoftheUnitedNationshaveintheCharterreaffirmedtheirfaithinfundamentalhumanrights,inthedignityandworthofthehumanpersonandintheequalrightsofmenandwomenandhavedeterminedtopromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,鉴於各会员国都已誓愿同联合国合作,以促进对人权和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行,WhereasMemberStateshavepledgedthemselvestoachieve,inco-operationwiththeUnitedNations,thepromotionofuniversalrespectforandobservanceofhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms,鉴於对这些权利和自由的普遍了解,对於这个誓愿的充分实现,有很大的重要性,Whereasacommonunderstandingoftheserightsandfreedomsisofthegreatestimportanceforthefullrealizationofthispledge,因此,现在,Now,Therefore,大会THEGENERALASSEMBLY宣告proclaims这一世界人权宣言,作为所有人民和所有国家努力实现的共同标准,以期每一个人和社会机构经常铭念本宣言,努力通过教诲和教育,促进对权利和自由的尊重,并通过国家的和国际的渐进措施,使这些权利和自由在各会员国本身人民及在其管辖下领土的人民中,得到普遍和有效的承认和遵行。THISUNIVERSALDECLARATIONOFHUMANRIGHTSasacommonstandardofachievementforallpeoplesandallnations,totheendthateveryindividualandeveryorganofsociety,keepingthisDeclarationconstantlyinmind,shallstrivebyteachingandeducationtopromoterespectfortheserightsandfreedomsandbyprogressivemeasures,nationalandinternational,tosecuretheiruniversalandeffectiverecognitionandobservance,bothamongthepeoplesofMemberStatesthemselvesandamongthepeoplesofterritoriesundertheirjurisdiction.第一条人人生而自由,在尊严及权利上一律平等。他们赋有理性和良心,并应以兄弟关系的精神相对待。Article1.Allhumanbeingsarebornfreeandequalindignityandrights.Theyareendowedwithreasonandconscienceandshouldacttowardsoneanotherinaspiritofbrotherhood.第二条人人有资格享受本宣言所载的一切权利与自由,不分种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身份等任何区别。并且不得因一人所属的国家或领土的政治的、行政的或者国际的地位之不同而有所区别,无论该领土是独立、托管领土、非自治领土或者处於其他任何主权受限的情况下。Article2.EveryoneisentitledtoalltherightsandfreedomssetforthinthisDeclaration,withoutdistinctionofanykind,suchasrace,colour,sex,language,religion,politicalorotheropinion,nationalorsocialorigin,property,birthorotherstatus.Furthermore,nodistinctionshallbemadeonthebasisofthepolitical,jurisdictionalorinternationalstatusofthecountryorterritorytowhichapersonbelongs,whetheritbeindependent,trust,non-self-governingorunderanyotherlimitationofsovereignty.第三条人人有权享受生命、自由与人身安全。Article3.Everyonehastherighttolife,libertyandsecurityofperson.第四条任何人不得使为奴隶或奴役;一怍形式的奴隶制度和奴隶现实,均应予以禁止。Article4.Nooneshallbeheldinslaveryorservitude;slaveryandtheslavetradeshallbeprohibitedinalltheirforms.第五条任何人不得加以酷刑,或施以残忍的、不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。Article5.Nooneshallbesubjectedtotortureortocruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishment.第六条人人於任何地方有权被承认在法律前的人格。Article6.Everyonehastherighttorecognitioneverywhereasapersonbeforethelaw.第七条法律之前人人平等,并有权享受法律的平等保护,不受任何歧视。人人有权享受平等保护,以免受违反本宣言的任何歧视行为以及煽动这种歧视行为之害。Article7.Allareequalbeforethelawandareentitledwithoutanydiscriminationtoequalprotectionofthelaw.AllareentitledtoequalprotectionagainstanydiscriminationinviolationofthisDeclarationandagainstanyincitementtosuchdiscrimination.第八条任何人当宪法或法律所赋予他的基本权利遭受侵害时,有权由合格的国家法庭对这种侵害行作有效的补救。Article8.Everyonehastherighttoaneffectiveremedybythecompetentnationaltribunalsforactsviolatingthefundamentalrightsgrantedhimbytheconstitutionorbylaw.第九条任何人不得加以任何逮捕、拘禁或放逐。Article9.Nooneshallbesubjectedtoarbitraryarrest,detentionorexile.第十条人人完全平等地有权由一个独立而无偏倚的法庭进行公正的和公开的审讯,以确定他的权利和义,并判定对他提出的任何刑事指控。Article10.Everyoneisentitledinfullequalitytoafairandpublichearingbyanindependentandimpartialtribunal,inthedeterminationofhisrightsandobligationsandofanycriminalchargeagainsthim.第十一条(一)凡受刑事控告者,在未经获得辩护上所需的一切保证的公开审判而依法证实有罪以前,有权被视为无罪。(二)任何人的任何行为或不行为,在其发生时依国家法或国际法均不构成刑事罪者,不得被判为犯有刑事罪。刑罚不得重於犯罪时适用的法律规定。Article11.(1)Everyonechargedwithapenaloffencehastherighttobepresumedinnocentuntilprovedguiltyaccordingtolawinapub