祖先记忆-家园象征与族群历史-山西洪洞大槐树传说解析-赵世瑜

#专题研究#祖先记忆家园象征与族群历史X)))山西洪洞大槐树传说解析赵世瑜:山西洪洞大槐树移民传说在明清以来的华北各地流传甚广,研究者多认为它反映了明洪武永乐时期大移民的史实,并将洪洞视为政府大规模强制移民的中转站,但其中诸多困惑仍未得到令人满意的解释其实无论口碑传说族谱还是碑刻地方志等文献,都反映了某种对祖先历史的集体记忆,也反映了移民的生活境遇在这些记忆中,我们看到的是移民家族定居发展的历史,北方族群关系变化的历史,卫所制度等国家制度对基层社会影响的历史,也看到晚清民国时期地方士绅重构大槐树传说背后的时代取向或追求现代性的努力:祖先记忆家园象征族群历史山西洪洞大槐树传说X/0(20017)/0(200311)/:,0(200512),,¹193356(5634,1933)56(56710,1937),565(:,1997)56(:,1999)56(:,2001);5:6(,:,1999)5N6(565,:,1985),,,¹,,,11227,,,,,(),(M.Foucault)/0,;,#49#(socio-culturalcontext),/0,,(timing),,,,:/,;,0¹(),,(1884)56:/056:/056:/056:/,,,0(1721)56/,0,º,,,/0,,/0/0,(),,,,56565656,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,#50#20061¹º/0/0/0,/0/0,/0/0/0,;/0,,1991,:56,:,1993,92,:5634,:,1988,56/0,,/0,,/0,/0/0,/0,56,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,56,,,,,¹,(1843)56:/,,,,,,,,,0º56,,,,,,,,,,,:/,0,,»,,,,,:,,,,,,,,:,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,#51#¹º»,:561,,1989,243:56,58:56,133)136:,,:,,,,,,/0,56:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,/0,,,,,,,,:/,0,,,,,,,,,,,,/0/0,¹,,,,º,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:/,,0,,:/,0,,/0»,,,56,,,,,,¼56#52#20061¹º»¼50,:56,:,1998,228)231,:56,:,1989,329)333:56,137)138,:56,280)284,¹,,56º,,,,,,,,/0»,,,;,,,#(PaulConnerton)/0;¼,,(MauriceHalbwachs),,,½))),:,,,,,,,/,0¾,,,,,(1528)56:/,,,,,()))),0¿56,(1652)/0,/,,,0,/0,,,/0#53#¹º»¼½¾¿,56,276)279:56,140)142(),,,#:56,,:,2000,10#:56,,:,2002,71292:56,:56,1921,56,,(1754)56:/())))0(1857)56:/()))),(1404)0,,¹:/,056,:/,,,,,,0,,/0,,,,:/,,,,t,t0,(1425)20,,º,56:/,056:/,,056:/056:/,,056,/,,,0,300,,(1502)56,/,0,56,:/,,,()))),,,0,,?,,,56,(1369),14,/,,#54#20061¹º,,,199956,0,56,/,0,56:/,!0,,/0,,/,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,56,/0,:/?056:/0:/,,?,,,,,,,03(1914)56,,/,,0,,:/,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,/,,(?),0,,,56,,,,,,,,56,/,,0,/0,/056,/0,,#55#/0,/,0,/0,56/0,,56,,,/0,56,/,056,/,0,,(1586)56,/,,0,,¹,,,,,,,,,?56/0,/,,0,,,/056,/,0,,,,,º,,?:,56,(),,,(),:/,,0,,,/0,#56#20061¹º/0,/0,/0,,,,,,,,,:56,312)317,¹,,/,,,(),(),,0,º,,,,,11900,92872;,11592,87775;(1472),11448,98240»,3005000;,140,1,,,,,/,,,,,,0,¼56(,,1656)56(,,1673)56,:/0½(),;,,,;,656,75#6,/0/0,:/56,,,,,,0¾,175656:/,,,,,0:吾家迁居旧槐里,五百年来还过此男儿有志在四方,况此他乡是故乡入乡不识乡间路,父老当年钓游处一经莲桥花满城,问津疑是桃源渡(第43页上)56,:相逢父老话因缘,故里重寻竟失传世代难稽新谱系,钓游仍是旧山川更无乔木办榆社,剩有唐风蟋蟀篇城郭依然人事异,那堪丁鹤去家年(第43页下)/0,1856:/,,,,#57#¹º»¼½¾,:(1591)5615#6(1591)5615#6,17)18(1591)5625#6,1)2(1591)5685#6,57(1730)5685#6,:(1917)5675#6,:,9:,,,0(16)¹56:/,,0º,56,/,())))0,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,?,,,,,,(),?,,,,,,,,?,,,,,6,??,,,,/0,,,,,,/0,;/0;,,,#58#20061¹º,:56,:5638,,1936,4,,,56:,,,,,,,,¹56,,,,,,,,º»56/0,/0,/0,,/0,,/0103,56,,,/0,,56,,,¼/0,,:/:-,,?.:-.,,,:-.,0½/0,/0,,,,,,,#59#¹º»¼½:56,:,1983,1)7:56,:,1984,16)21,/05)))6,56,:,1997,65)86,/)))0,/0,,,,,,,;/056,:56,:,1989:56,:,1982,2,,¹56,,,,;º56,»,,(),,,,,/0,,/0/0,,,56:/,,,,,0¼56:/,,,,,,,,,0½,,/0,,,,,,199456:/,,,,,,,,056:/,,056:/,,,0200056:/,,,,056:/,,#60#20061¹º»¼½56,,:56,,1987,32)35:56,,1990,309)310,:56,,1990,:5#6,,1987,195)196,:5#6,,1987,346)347,,,;,,,,056:/,,()))),,,056:/,,,,,,,,,,())))056:/()))),,056:/,,,,0,,56,,,,,,,,,,;(anthropologyofhistory),/,0,,/-.,,,,,0¹,,,,,,º(),,,;,,,,/-.,-.,0»#61#¹º»5#6,25)31565:56,#P.H.:5)))6,,:,1999,386,,390,,/,,0¹,/0,,,/0,/,0º,,)(nation-state)65656,:自来名胜古迹,率以帝王将相所发祥,高人逸士所隐迹,遗后人勒石记载,,然此为续文献之征,而非民族之系也方今民国肇造,社会主义播腾寰区,凡有关民族发达之原者,允宜及时表章,藉识人群进化之由,俾免数典忘祖之诮然则吾邑古大槐树处之待于揭橥者,故不重哉!,,盖尔时洪地殷繁,每有迁移,其民必与,而实以大槐树处为会萃之所,宜乎生齿蕃盛,流泽孔长,后世子孙,闻其地而眷怀乡井者,种族之念为之也»56:/,,,056:/!,,,,,:,,0,,,(nationalistdiscourse),:何今之族姓,其上世可考者,尚有千百户之裔;其不可考者,每曰迁自洪洞,绝少称旧日土著及明初军士盖自魏晋以来,取士竞尚门户,谱牒繁兴,不惜互相攀附,故虽徙居南方,其风未泯而中原大地,则以异类逼处,华族衰微,中更元明末世,播窜流离,族谱俱附兵燹直至清代中叶,户口渐繁,人始讲敬宗收族之谊,而传世已远,祖宗渊源名字多已湮没,独有洪洞迁民之说,尚熟于人口,遂至上世莫考者,无论为土著,为军籍,概曰迁自洪洞焉¼,,/0,,,,,,,,,,,,,/0,/0/0,#62#20061¹º»¼:56:56:561656,45,:(1934)56856/0,,,,,,7,,/0/0/0¹,,,,;,,,,/,0,,,,;,,,,/0,º,,/0,/0,/0,,,,,»,,,;,!,;,,,,¼,,,,,#63#¹º»¼:56,5620035,56,,561983:/,,,-.,?,(),,-.,,0:56,,2002,56)58:56,5619934,,/0,,,,,;,,,,,,(national),,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1作者赵世瑜,教授北京师范大学历史系1008752(责任编辑:仲伟民)#64#20061CONTENTSResearchPapers/ZhaoGao,0/LuoGao,0theHeZun-vesselandChengzhouZhuFenghan(3)IntheearlyWesternZhouDynasty,DukeZhoustartedbuildingLuoyiinthefifthyearofhisruleasregent.IntheseventhyearofDukeZhoupsrule,thecitytookshape.Peopleofthetimecalledit/Xinyi0(thenewcapital).TwochaptersinShangShu(TheBookofHistory),/ZhaoGao0()and/LuoGao0(),recordDukeZhaoandDukeZhoupschoosingahousesiteinthenewlybuiltcityintheseventhyearofDukeZhoupsrule.TheywereinfactchoosingasitetobuildtheroyalpalaceforKingCheng.Inthesameyear,DukeZhoureturnedthepowertoKingCheng.Thelatterheldagreatceremonyofsacrificinginthenewcapital.Thatiswhatiscalled/YuanSi0(thefirstsacrifice)inhistoricalrecords.TheinscriptionsontheHezun-vesselrecordtheeventsofthefifthyearofthereignofKingCheng,whentheroyalpalacewascomple-tedinLuoyi,andKingChengmovedthecapitalthere.LuoyiwasalsocalledChengzhouthence-forth.The/Wangcheng0(capitalcity)oftheWesternZhoulocatedonthesouthernbankoftheHanheRiver,recordedindocumentsaftertheHanDynasty,didnotexistintheWesternZhou,nordiditsname.ChengzhouwasontheChanRiver,tothenorthoftheLuoRiver.Asthesacr-ificingcenterandpoliticalcenteroftheWesternZhou,itwasmoreimportantthanZongzhouinmilitaryandpoliticalterms.AnAnalysisoftheSituationattheNorthwesternFrontiersintheEarlyHan