高考必考语法精讲精练专题四：介词-Word版含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题四：介词介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。它是高考必考点之一。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对介词考查列了一项：介词和介词短语。介词在句子中不能单独使用，只能与名词、代词等构成介词短语，在句中作状语、后置定语、表语和补语等。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了介词短语bycar乘汽车；第74题（短文改错）考查了介词短语withthedevelopmentof随着......的发展。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了介词短语gobackto回到；第78题（短文改错）考查了介词短语dreamof梦想。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了介词as表示“作为”；第68题（语法填空）考查了介词by后面接v-ing；第80题考查了介词短语inthemiddleof里的介词of。I.介词分类：1简单介词about，across，after，against，among，around，at，below，beyond，during，in，on，over2合成介词inside，outside，into，onto，outof，throughout，upon，within，without，nearby3短语介词accordingto，dreamof，becauseof，insteadof，upto，dueto，owingto，thanksto4双重介词fromamong，frombehind，fromunder，tillafter，inbetween，exceptfor5分词转化成的介词considering，including，concerning6形容词转化成的介词like，unlike，near，next，oppositeII.常用介词区别：1表示时间的in,on,atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关2表示时间的since,fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的in,afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in,on,toin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外5表示“在…上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”的through,acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关7表示“关于”的about,onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间9besides与except的区别besides指“除了…还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in,withwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音11as与like的区别as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…一样”，指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置III.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·介词考点规律分析：短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。语法填空主要涉及介词的选择。介词单句改错之真题训练：1.Billinsistedinstayingnearthecar.2.Suddenlywecaughtsightatacarandsomemen.3.WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.4.Whentheycamedownthepolicewereangrytothem.5.Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.6.…andsomebooks,forexample,booksforhistory,science,cookingandgardeningarealsopopular.7.Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.8.Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystation.9.Infact,theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.10.Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.11.Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.12.Unfortunately,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.13.Iwashappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing…14.ThanksverymuchoninvitingmetoyourbirthdaypartyonSunday.15.SoI’mreallysorrythatIwon’tbeabletocomeinthistime.16.…butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.17.Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro’clockinthemorning.18.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.19.Hisparentsaskedhimtospendinmoretimepreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.20.Ifeelsorrytohim.21.Becausesomuchviewing,childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.22.Ononeyeartheaveragechildwillsee25,000televisioncommercials…23.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese…24.I’msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.SoIfeelunhappyeveryday.25.YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminutesontheInternet.26.ButIhavespentlotsmymoney,…27.…youwillprobablywanttojoinintheStampCollectors’Club…28.Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.介词单句改错之模拟训练：1.Wemustserveforthepeopleheartandsoul.2.Ifollowedthemanforawhile,andsawhimenterintothebank.3.SoonthenursemarriedwithmyfriendJim.4.Itookagreatmanyofphotographsinthemountains.5.InEnglishclass,weoftentalkeachotherinEnglish.6.Don’ttalk.Whatthemansaysiswellworthlistening.7.Thechairlookshard,butitiscomfortabletosit.8.Shewasverykindandinsistedlendinghercartous.9.IaskedtoherwhatshewouldbedoingonSaturday.10.Areyougladtobegoingtobacktoschool?11.Onhiswaytohome,hemetoneofhisoldfriendsJack.12.Pleaseclosethedooratnexttimeyoucomein.13.Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideineveryyear.14.Wecanfinishtheworkeitherthisweekorinnextweek.15.Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadtakingtheelevator.16.Wecouldnothaveheardthembecausethenoisefromtheriver.17.Don’tbeangrytomefornothavingwritten—Iwasreallytoobusy.18.I’vereadalotbooksaboutanimals.19.Heinvitedustodinner,whichwasverykindforhim.20.IknewthattherewasnohopeonthemomentIsawhim.21.Don’tgobyplane.It’salotofmoreexpensive.22.Exceptmilkandcheese,weallneedvegetables.23.Onmywayback,IcalledatMrSmithathisoffice.介词单句改错之提升训练：1.Hisfatherhasbeenillonbedfortwoyears.2.Duringthesummervacation,heworkedinthefarm.3.Heisveryfondoffootballandheisintheschoolfootballteam.4.Ihavemaderapidprogressunderthehelpofmyteacher.5.Don’treadunderthestronglight.6.ThekillerranawaytothedirectionofBeijing.7.HelivesonNo.124.WuyiRoad.8.Heisveryangrytohissonforhisfailingintheexam.9.Hehitmeontheface.10.Heisstricttomeinmywork.11.Thebottleisfilledofthegas.12.LondonstandstotheThames.13.Hismothertookprideofhisgreatachievements.14.Therearetwowindowsonthewall.15.Onthewayhome,IfoundIhadlostthekeyofthedoor.16.Wearetryingtofindtheansweroftheproblem.17.Youarerequiredtowriteyourstorywithyourownwords.18.Withwhatlanguagedidshemakethespeech?19.Heisthecleverestinallthestudents.20.Ataclearnight,hewentoutinsearchofthegold.21.HehadanEnglishpartyatChristmasEve.22.Womenshouldbeequalwithmen.23.Heisblindonbothhiseyes.24.UncleTomisfamousashisskillincooking.25.Hewillcomebackafterfivew