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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 资本运营 > 2019高考英语-复习-阅读理解第3讲推理判断题课件60
第三讲│推理判断题一、题型解读高考英语《考试大纲》指出,阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息,即理解作者所要传达的信息。高考英语阅读理解试题命制形式多样,其中推理判断题属于高层次的阅读理解题,解答此类题目要从整体上把握语篇内容,在理解语篇的表面意义与隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理,透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断主要包括:此类题目在高考题中的数量所占比例较大,是高考阅读理解考查的重点,应引起考生的重视。具体来说,针对不同的推理判断题,寻找线索时要使用不同的方法。推理判断题考点1细节判断题考点2观点态度题考点3写作意图推断题考点4文章来源题和读者对象题考点5对文章内容预测题二、设问方式一般来说,推理判断题题干中常出现knowabout,learnfrom,infer,imply,suggest,conclude,intend,mean,indicate等词语。1.细节推断题常见的命题形式·Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.·Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.·Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________.·Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat________.·Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.·Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?2.态度倾向推断常见的命题形式·Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomethingis________.·Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat________.·What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...?·Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?·Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?3.写作意图推断题常见的命题形式·Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?·Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto________.·Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________.·Thewritertalksabout...inorderto________.·Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________.4.文章来源或读者对象推断题常见的命题形式·Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin________.·Inwhichofthefollowingpublicationswouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?·Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________.·Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?·Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?5.对文章内容预测常见的命题形式·Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if...?·Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite________.·Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablybeabout________.·Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?三、选项特征1.推理判断题正确选项的特征(1)“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推得。(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念,如only,never,all,absolutely等。正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊,会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇,如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。2.推理判断题干扰选项的特征(1)曲解文意。即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别,推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话,命题者可能会利用里面的字词设计出干扰项,看似表达文章的意思,其实是借题发挥,是对原文意思的曲解。(2)张冠李戴。为了起到干扰的效果,高考命题人常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴,即通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式,把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况。(3)颠倒是非。干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象,但选项的意思却与原文恰恰相反。(4)无中生有。这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点,但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。另外,这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。(5)扩缩范围。为了准确、严密地表达文章内容,命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定,有时通过加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语,将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变,从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。[典例](2017·江苏高考·阅读C)Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.细节判断题63.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould________.A.killanewthreatB.avoidthesizetrapC.favourbiggerfirmsD.chargehigherprices答案B[推理判断题。根据本段“Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.”可知,在考虑公司数据资产的基础上,反垄断监管机构会避免陷于规模陷阱。]【技巧点拨】如何解决细节判断题?细节判断题属于深层理解题,要求根据语篇内容,推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,要忠实于原文,千万不能主观臆断,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),assume(假定,设想)和conclude(推断,做出结论)。[典例](江苏高考·阅读D)Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.观点态度题70.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoffreedom?A.Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.B.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.C.Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.D.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.答案D[推理判断题。一开始作者对freedom的定义是“Theessentialbelief...wouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.”,到雅典人对自由的看法的变化,即逃避责任,再到最后作者说雅典人没有了自由,但自由的概念在数字时代的世界仍然存在,D项“自由需要责任的保障”符合文意。]【技巧点拨】如何解决观点态度题?做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种:支持、赞同、乐观;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观;中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达,如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。这时需要注意的是:一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间,需要通读全文,才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。1.褒义词有:supportive(支持的);positive(积极的);optimistic(乐观的);enthusiastic(热情的)等。2.贬义词有:negative(否定的,消极的);ironic(讽刺的);critical(批评的);disgusted(厌恶的);disappointed(失望的)等。3.中性词有:indifferent(漠不关心的);uninterested(不感兴趣的);objective(客观的);neutral(中立的)等。[典例](2016·江苏高考·阅读C)ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild,”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacif
本文标题:2019高考英语-复习-阅读理解第3讲推理判断题课件60
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