美国犹太文学(1)

AmericanJewishLiteratureGroupMembers:关孟昶温玉玲（华纳电影公司）（全球富豪榜第二）哈里·华纳“股神”巴菲特阿尔伯特·华纳山姆·华纳杰克·华纳（派拉蒙公司）（相对论的提出者）阿道夫·楚克爱因斯坦AmericanJewishLiteratureChapter1BriefHistoryofJewsChapter2TheLiteraryHistoryChapter3CharactersChapter1BriefHistoryofJewsTheJewishCultureJerusalemJudaismClassics:Torah(托拉)Talmud(塔木德)Jewishreligion&secularlifeBeexpelled&repressedConsistentChapter2TheLiteraryHistoryDefinitionThreeLargeMigrationTides&LiteratureInthismulti-racecountry(America),novel,lyric,essay,dramaetc.BecreatedbytheJewBeregardas“AmericanJewishLiterature”ThreeLargeMigrationTides&LiteratureASmallGroupTheFirstLargeMigrationTide&LiteratureTheSecondLargeMigrationTide&LiteratureTheThirdLargeMigrationTide&Literature“Iedereen23”(1954)ASmallGroup750,000(1820-1840)TheFirstLargeMigrationTide&LiteratureBackground:“assimilation”(同化)“mindofAmerican”RevolutionariesNathanGlazer(内森·格雷泽)IsaacMayerWise（艾萨克·迈尔怀斯）IsaacLesser（艾萨克·莱瑟）PoetsEmmaLazaru（爱玛·拉匝鲁斯）NathanMayer（内森·迈耶）AdahIsaacsMenken（爱达·艾萨克丝·门肯）TheNewColossus--EmmaLazarus…Criesshewithsilentlips.Givemeyourtired,yourpoor,Yourhuddledmassesyearningtobreathefree.…她静穆的双唇缄口呼叫，“给我吧，把你们那贫困、疲乏、拥挤的，渴望自由的民众---12,000,000(1881-1914)TheSecondMigrationTide&Literature(1881-1914)Background“JewMassacre”(犹太大屠杀)Zionism（犹太复国运动）1stAnti-SemitismTide3KParties(expelJews)TheFirstGenerationofAmericanJewishWritersAbrahamCahan（亚伯拉罕·卡恩）MaryAntin（玛丽·安亭）AnziaYezierska（安吉亚·叶吉尔斯卡）MichaelGold（迈克尔·戈尔德）HenryRoth（亨利·罗斯）Theme:CommonJewsinpoorkiln(贫民窑)Misery,diligenceanddreamOwnexperienceIgnorehumannatureMichaelGold（1893-1967）IrwinGranich(欧文·格兰尼克)Works：JewswithoutMoney(1930)120Million(1929)ChangetheWorld(1937)Theme:thesatiretodemocraticpolitics“assimilation”MotherandFather13ab2200,000(1933-1945)TheThirdMigrationTide(1933-1945)&LiteratureBackground2ndAnti-SemitismTide(Nazi)TheSecondGenerationofAmericanJewishWritersNormanMailer(诺曼·梅勒)JosephHeller(约瑟夫·海勒)J.D.Salinger(J.D.塞林格)AllenGinsberg(艾伦·金斯堡)BernardMalamud(伯纳德·马拉默德)Theme:moralityvalue(truth,kindness,beauty)humannatureJeromeDavidSalinger(1919-2010)richJewishfamilyfather–Jewishmerchant1934–MilitarySchool1942–Army1946–WritingWorks:TheCatcherintheRye(1951)NineStories(1953)FrannyandZooey(1961)TheCatcherintheRye(1951)TheMainCharactersJewishnessAdolescent'sCrisisSymbolsTheCatcherintheRyeTheMainCharacters:Mr.Spenser(historyteacher)StradlaterHoldenCaulfieldPhoebe(roommate)(rebellious)(sister)JaneGallagher(romanticlover)plotTheCatcherintheRyeObscureJewishnesseg.(novel)Holden’smotherisaJewHolden’sJewishnessWestanideaof“goingout”mind---thereflectionofJews1TheCatcherintheRyeWhatisyouropinionabout“Adolescence”?GrowingPain---Adolescent'sCrisisDilemmabetweenChildhood&Adulthood(appearance)ConflictbetweenIdentityAcquisition&IdentityDiffusionAdolescenceisaprocessofachievingtheattitudesandbeliefsneededforeffectiveparticipationinsociety.---Rogerstext幻灯片21textDilemmabetweenChildhood&Adulthood(appearance)Childhood(Phoebe)funnychildrenarelovelythebeautyofchildhoodAdulthood(OldSpenser)lousyterriblepostureawfuldisgustful23&4ConflictbetweenIdentityAcquisition&IdentityDiffusion“Wheretheygo,theducks,whenitgetsallfrozenover?”IdentityCrisisIdentityDiffusion(failureofachieving)vocationalidentitysexualidentityTheidentityprocessisongoingallthroughlife,butitgoesintooverdriveduringadolescence.Adolescenceseemstobetime,whenonefacestheproblemofself-definition.5Identitydiffusionindividuals“werenotsatisfiedwiththeirparents’wayoflife,butneithercouldbecomeproductivelyinvolvedinfashioningoneoftheirown.”6&78TosumupHoldenisdanglingbetweenthetwoworlds,childhoodandadulthood.ForHolden,heisreluctantandfearstoentertheadultworld,whereisonlyphoniness,pretenseandindifference.SymbolsThescenesetting---beforeChristmasEve(Cold)realityofAmericaatthattimewastelandofspiritrelationship(indifferent)theducks---personalplightthecliff---thecrisisofthewholeAmerica/thousandsofchildrenThethingredhuntinghat---relieveshisanxietyisgiventohissister9AllenGinsberg(1926-1997)“BeatGeneration”WorkHowl(1956)HowlandotherPoems(1956)EmptyMirror:EarlyPoems(1961)Howl(1956)threeparts(Images)---MyGenerationMolochCarlSolomonI.crazyactionsbuttoeulogize---thebestmindspassedthroughuniversitiesusecrazytoresistauthorityII.Moloch(Americansociety)civilization---mankind’sprogressgovernment&merchant(slavemankind)III.AmericansocietysystemTheThirdMigrationTide(1933-1945)&LiteratureTheThirdGenerationofJewishAmericanWritersSaulBellow（索尔·贝娄）IsaacBashevisSinger(阿萨克·巴舍维斯·辛格)PhilipRoth（亨利·罗斯）Theme:Americanizationalienationcanrecognizehumannature(objectivebutnotoptimistic)CharactersinLiteraryWorksFool-犹太人在自我解嘲中化解生活的种种不平，在洞悉自己的困扰中获得精神上的解脱。在傻瓜看似笨拙的外表下，藏着犹太圣徒般的心。“信”不是因为他们呆，而是因为他们执着于信仰。“碰壁”在他们看来是上帝安排的考验。“倒霉人”的愚昧幼稚不免发笑的同时，又对他们可悲的处境由衷地寄予同情。LifeisBeautifulVictim-二战期间，纳粹德国对犹太人进行了种族灭绝的大屠杀，在犹太人心中留下了不可愈合的伤口。ThankYou!---End