unit4 EARTHQUAKE Grammar

TheAttributiveClause(I)(that,which,who,whose)Unit4GrammarAttribute(定语)1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.修饰；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定语。beautifulThepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Alliswellthatendswell.Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknownuntilitislost.真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。结局好，一切都好。CanyoutranslatetheseproverbsintoChinese?whothatwhichLet’slookatthefollowingsentences.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Thesearethesentenceswithattributiveclausesfromthereadingpassage.1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系代词\关系副词：引导定语从句的词。关系代词关系副词which,that,who,whom,whose等where,why,when在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语在定语从句中作状语RelativepronounsRelativeadverbsThemanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后Themanwholivesnexttouswho指代内容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语主语,宾语主语,宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省1.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.3)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4)Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.2.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?2)Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.3)Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.4)YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.3.who指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.4.whom指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.5.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.3)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirlinourclass?Herhairisveryshort.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.referencereference(2)Therebe句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime(that)IaminBeijing.referencereference(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?referencereference(5)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修饰。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.referencereference(1)紧跟介词作宾语Therearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)作定语Hemaybelate,inwhichcase,weshouldwaitforhim.一般用which而不用that的情况。referencereference•当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。•e.g.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?•在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。•e.g.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.•Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.referencereference修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。Beijingisthecity___________hasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.which/that用合适的关系代词填空。YeXinisanurse__________diedinthefightagainstSARS.who/thatHalloweenisaday______isalsocalledtheeveofAllSaints'Day.whichTitanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/thatRoseandJackarethelovers_____metontheship.whoReview本课时涉及的要点是以that,which,who和whose引导的定语从句的用法。通过本课时的学习我们需要了解什么是定语从句并学会选择正确的关系代词。Individualactivity1.Women____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose___don’t.(2006北京)A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/QuizI:Multiplechoice2.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair.(2006福建)A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that3.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_____kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.(2007上海春)A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which4.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity______namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(2009湖南)A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose5.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof___Ihadevermetbefore.(2009全国I)A.themB.whoC.whomD.these6.Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.(2009天津)A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.