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美联英语提供:新概念英语——新概念英语文章精选两分钟做个小测试,看看你的英语水平=16-73675-0随着《新概念英语》这套教材的引入,已经在全国都引起了轰动乃至学习新概念的潮流。小编带来的新概念英语文章精选,欢迎阅读!新概念英语文章精选1TheSalinityofOceanWaters海水盐度Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.如果我们分析海水的盐度,会发现地区间只有轻微的变化,然而有些小的变化是重要的。Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation--conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismannerthesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.导致海洋的盐度变化的基本过程有三个,其中之一是通过蒸发的方式即把液态水转化为水蒸气来减少海洋中的水分。这样由于盐留了下来,所以盐度增大。当然,如果这种方式走向极端,将会余下白色的盐晶体。Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.与蒸发相反的是降水,如降雨,由此水被加入海中,海水被稀释,从而盐度降低。这种情形会发生在大量降雨的地区,或江河入海岸处。Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.因此,盐度通过蒸发减少水分而上升或通过降水或径流增加淡水成分而下降。Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.一般来说,在阳光很强烈的热带地区,海水的盐度略高于世界上其它没有热带那样多的蒸发的地区。同理,在江河稀释海水的海岸地带,海水盐度略低于其它海区。Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.第三个可以变更盐度的过程与海洋中冰的形成和融化有关。海水冻结时,溶于其中的物质被留了下来。这样,在新形成的海水冰面的正下方的海水比在冰形成之前有更高的盐度。当然,当冰融化的时候,会降低周围水中的盐度。IntheWeddellSeaAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.在南极洲边缘的威德尔海中,结冰过程增加低温海水的盐度,从而形成了浓度最大的海水。这些大密度的海水下沉,可以在世界海洋的深水域发现。新概念英语文章精选2Cohesion-tensionTheory内聚压力理论Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher;thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytopmorethan100metersabovetheground.大气压能够支持10米高的水柱,但植物可将水送得更高。美洲红杉就能把水泵到地面以上100多米高的树顶。Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:howdoesitgetthere?直到19世纪末,水在树木和其它高大植物中的输送还是一个谜。一些植物学家假定植物中的活细胞充当了水泵的角色。但许多实验表明细胞都已死亡的植物茎干仍能将水输送到相当可观的高度。对于植物中输送水的其它解释都基于根压——植物底端的根对水的推动。但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。况且,最高树木中的松柏只有很低的根压。如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶,也不是被推到树顶,那么我们会问:它是怎样到达树顶的呢?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论,水是被拉到上面去的。一株植物中作用于一个正在升高的水柱之上的拉力来自该植物顶部水的蒸发。由于水从叶子表面丧失,一个负压力,或张力就得以产生。蒸发出去的水被植物里流动的水代替。这些水形成水柱从植物顶端一直延伸到根部。在任何水样中造成表面张力的力支持着这些不断的水柱。当水被限制在内径很小的管道中时,内聚压力(水分子之间的相互吸引力)是如此之大以致一支水柱的强度相当于一根直径相同的钢丝的强度。这种内聚压力使得水柱被拉到非常高的地方而不会断裂。新概念英语文章精选3Americanblackbears美国黑熊Americanblackbearsappearinavarietyofcolorsdespitetheirname.Intheeasternpartoftheirrange,mostofthesebearshaveshinyblackfur,butinthewesttheygrowbrown,red,orevenyellowcoats.Tothenorth,theblackbearisactuallygrayorwhiteincolor.Eveninthesamelitter,bothbrownandblackfurredbearsmaybeborn.美国黑熊虽然被叫做黑熊但却有各种各样的颜色。在它们生活区域的东部,大部分黑熊长有富有光泽的黑毛,但在西部,他们则长着棕色、红色甚至是黄色的毛。在北部,黑熊其实长着灰色或白色的毛。就是在一胎所生的小熊中,都可能混杂棕毛和黑毛。BlackbearsarethesmallestofallAmericanbears,ranginginlengthfromfivetosixfeet,weighingfromthreehundredtofivehundredpounds.Theireyesandearsaresmallandtheireyesightandhearingarenotasgoodastheirsenseofsmell.Likeallbears,theblackbearistimid,clumsy,andrarelydangerous,butifattacked,mostcanclimbtreesandcovergroundatgreatspeeds
本文标题:新概念英语――新概念英语文章精选
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