高中英语宾语从句

课程内容1.时态2.引导词3.that不可省略的情况4.否定前移5.it做形式宾语6.if和Whether的区别7.运用虚拟语气的情况8.语序9.宾语从句专项练习时态宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。•例:•1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.•Shesaidthatshewasastudent.•2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.•ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.•3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.•Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.•4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.•ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态•例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.•HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。•例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?引导词A.由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔试中。例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong.B.由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例：Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.C.由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。例：Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定语)Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略•A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。•eg．Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．•B．当it作形式宾语时•eg．Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．•C．当宾语从句前置时•eg．Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．否定前移•在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。•例：Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)it做形式宾语•在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。•例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)if和Whether的区别•在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。•宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.•和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：•建议suggest、advise、propose;•要求demand、desire、request；•决定decide;•命令order、command、require;•坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）•eg．Isuggestedthatyou（should）studyhard．•Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce．语序A.宾语从句必须用陈述语序。False:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.Right:Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.B.有时候可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad:Ithoughtthathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohoursimpossible.Good:Ithoughtitimpossiblethathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohours.宾语从句专项练习Ⅰ•1.Idon'tknow______hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．•A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.•A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome•C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?•A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?•A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend•C.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_________.•A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking•C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafterDDDCD•6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?•A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive•7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?•A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers•C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.•A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings•C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Ican'tunderstand_________.•A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean•C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeansADDBD宾语从句专项习题Ⅱ•()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelledADCBC•()6Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()7Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where()8Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()9Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe()10Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.whenCBBAA()11Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow()12Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose()13.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()14.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked()15.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasitACBDB