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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 资本运营 > 高中英语宾语从句重点语法讲解及精练
宾语从句宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:一,引导词A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。例:Itoldhimthathewaswrong.l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。例:Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。例:Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。例:Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例:Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例:Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例:Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。例:Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定语)Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)二,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例:Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.二,宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,既:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,从句要用过去完成时态。例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例:Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。例:CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?一、高中宾语从句要点之时态的呼应1.如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:Ihearsheisheretoday(shewashereyesterday/shewillbeheretomorrow.)2.如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:HesaidhewaswatchingTV(hehadsweptthefloor/hewouldplayfootballafterschool)。3.如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如:Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.二、高中宾语从句要点之引导词的使用1.当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:LinTaothought(that)theTVplaywasveryboring.2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:Davidaskedhismotherif/whethershelikedthedinnerlastnight.3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who,whose,what,which)或连接副词(如when,where,why,how),引导宾语从句。例如:Doyouknowwhatwecandoontheisland?Idon’tknowwhyJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.三、高中宾语从句要点之语序的陈述化宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:Whendidheleave?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowwhenheleft.Doestheshopcloseatsixeveryday?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowif/whethertheshopclosesatsixeveryday?四、高中宾语从句要点之否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:Idon’tbelieveheishereontime,ishe?Idon’tthinkTomisthebeststudentinhisclass,ishe?4.Canyoutellme_________sheiswaitingfor?A.whyB.whoseC.whomD.which5.—Becareful!Don'tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear____Isaid,Jim?—Yes,mum.(2002陕西)A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if6—Idon'tknow____MrGreenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.(2002杭州)A.whyB.whenC.howD.where7.-Doyouknow____MissGaowillleave?—Tomorrowmorning.(2000济南)A.whenB.whatC.whoD.whereKEY:4.C5.A6.A7.A技巧点拨:解以上这类题目时,可采用逆推法,即根据答语来选择疑问词。如第7道题,根据答语Tomorrowmorning可知对其提问应用when。高中英语语法英语宾语从句练习题I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。1.Idon'tknow______hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I'lltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingaft6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeansII.按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?(改写句子)→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.(变为复合句)→Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案:I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.1.if/whether;enjoys2.if/whether;needed3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves1.Canyousee________?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat2.DoesJackcomefromJapan?Doyouknow?(合并成一个句子)Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan?3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?_Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextda
本文标题:高中英语宾语从句重点语法讲解及精练
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