油田地面蒸汽管道干度计算方法

283Vol.28No.320089JOURNALOFLIAONINGUNIVERSITYOFPETROLEUM&CHEMICALTECHNOLOGYSep.2008:1672-6952(2008)03-0050-03刘阳,陈保东*,李雪(,113001):蒸汽干度是水蒸气的重要品质参数,在热力采油中,向油层注入的高压高温湿蒸汽其干度对采油的经济性有着重要的影响为了实现注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的高质量控制,提出一种蒸汽干度计算方法此方法通过首先计算沿程摩擦阻力,然后求出该点的蒸汽温度,进而求出管段的热损失,最后可求出管道内任意处的蒸汽干度该方案研究了输汽管道系统蒸汽干度的变化情况,为热采输汽系统工艺设计提供参考:蒸汽管道;蒸汽干度;压降;导热系数;注汽锅炉:TK222:AComputationMethodoftheGroundSteamConduitDrynessofOilFieldsLIUYang,CHENBao-dong*,LIXue(SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,LiaoningUniversityofPetroleum&ChemicalTechnology,FushunLiaoning113001,P.R.China)Received24April2008;revised27June2008;accepted8July2008Abstract:Thesteamdrynessisanimportantqualityparameterofsteam.Thedrynessofwetsteamincludedinhigh-pressuredandhightemperaturewetsteaminjectedintotheoillayershastheimportantinfluencetotheextractionefficiency.Inordertorealizehighqualitycontrolofsteamdrynessinthestream-injectionboiler,acomputationmethodofsteamdrynesswasproposed.Throughthismethod,thesteamdrynessalongthepipelineswasfirstlycalculated,thenvaportemperatureandheatlossinthepipelineswereobtained.Finally,steamdrynessattherandomplaceinthepipelinewassolved.Thechangesituationofthesteamdrynessinsteampipelinesystemwasstudied,whichprovidesthereferencefortheheatingminingsystemtechnologicaldesign.Keywords:Steamconduit;Streamdryness;Pressuredrop;Thermalconductivity;Stream-injectionboiler*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone];e-mail:[e-mail],,,,,,,,::2008-04-24:刘阳(1982-),男,辽宁铁岭市,在读硕士*通讯联系人(1),,,,,8,11物理数学模型建立1.1,,[1-3]:A;;!,,,,,1.1.1,Q=2(tm-t0)1uslndusdmp+2usdus(1)1.1.2,,2;;();()2,:h1-Q=h2:!=h2-h∀h#-h∀1.21.2.1[6],,,,,:∀pm=#1d∃202%∀1+!(%∀%#-1)(2)#=1+!(1-!)(1000%#∃0-1)%∀%#1+(1-!)(%∀%#-1)(3)#,,#(%∃),,,:,,:=14lg(3700d1k)2=0.0057(4),,:∀pjb=∃20%∀21+!(%∀%#-1)(5)1.2.2[2]usdus2uslndusdmp=tm-tustus-t0(6)(a)∃dus0.8m2/sKOHB=3.475∃∃0.168d0.382us(7)∃dus0.8m2/sKOHB=3.645∃∃0.805d0.195us(b)A=C(tus+237100)4-(t0+237100)4tus-t0(8)513.C5.23W/(m2%K)us=KOHB+A(9)2计算实例2.1:;;!;&;∋;(2.2300mdus=89mm,d1=63mm,26mm,&=50mm,us=0.085W/(m%K),∃=4.3m/s,t0=10.4),tm=353.25),p=17.2MPa,!=77.59%,Ws=22.5T/hVs=Ws%=0.05∃0=VsA=16%#∃0=122.08∃16=10953.28∀p=∀pm+∀pjb=1.853+0.017=1.95300m15.3MPa,343.75)tm348.5),dus0.189mus=16.35+5.62=21.97Q=39.87h1=h∀+!(h#-h∀)=2350.82h2=2350.82-39.87=2310.95!=h2-h∀h#-h∀=70.3%3蒸汽管道的温度场分析,ANSYS,,(3)ANSYS3,,34结速语(1),(2),,,,(3),,,Q∗单位质量的蒸汽向环境的散热量,J/kg;tm∗蒸汽的平均温度,);t0∗环境温度,);us∗保温层的导热系数,W/(m%K);dus∗保温结构的外经,m;dmp∗蒸汽管道的外经,m;us∗绝热层表面散热系数,W/(m2%K);h1∗锅炉出口的蒸汽焓值,kJ/kg;h2∗蒸汽对环境散热之后的焓值,kJ/kg;h∀∗饱和水的焓值,kJ/kg;h#∗保护水蒸汽的焓值,kJ/kg;#∗实际情况下摩擦阻力损失校正系数;∃0∗循环流速,m/s;%∀∗饱和水的密度,kg/m3;%#∗饱和水蒸汽密度,kg/m3;∗管段摩擦阻力系数;k∗管内壁绝对粗糙度,mm;d1∗管子内径,m;∋∗两相流体局部阻力系数;tus∗绝热层外表面温度,);KOHB∗对流散热系数,W/(m2%K);∃∗当地的平均风速,m/s;us∗绝热体表面散热系数,W/(m2%K)(74)5228[1]Shu-Kai,FanS,ErwieZahara.Ahybridsimplexsearchandparticleswarmoptimizationforunconstrainedoptimization[J].Europeanjournalofoperationalresearch,2007,181(2):527-548.[2]NashSG,SoferA.Linearandnonlinearprogramming[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1996.[3]PowellMJD.Anefficientmethodforfindingminimumoffunctionofseveralvariableswithoutcalculatingderivatives[J].Computerj.,1964,(7):155-162.[4]PowellMJD.Anewalgorithmforunconstrainedoptimizationinnonlinearprogramming[M].NewYork:Academicpress,1970.[5]PowellMJD.Afastalgorithmfornonlinearlyconstrainedoptimizationcalculations[M].NewYork:Springer-Verlag,1978.[6]RendersJM,FlasseSP.Hybridmethodsusinggeneticalgorithmsforglobaloptimization[J].IEEEtransactiononsystems,man,andcybernetics-partB:Cybernetics1996,26:243-258.[7]YenJ,LiaoJC,LeeB,etal.Ahybridapproachtomodelingmetabolicsystemsusinggeneticalgorithmandsimplexmethod[J].IEEEtransactiononsystems,man,andcybernetics-partB:Cybernetics1998,28:173-191.[8]VandenBerghF,EngelbrechtAP.Acooperativeapproachtoparticleswarmoptimization[J].IEEEtransactiononevolutionarycomputation,2004,8:225-239.(Ed.:ZW,Z)(52)[1]武占.油田注汽锅炉[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学出版社,1997.[2]苏宾.管道绝热的材料装置方法和计算[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1967.[3]冯青,李世武,张丽.工程热力学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006.[4]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1980.[5]瓦格纳,克鲁泽.水和蒸汽的性质[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.[6]冯俊凯,沈幼庭.锅炉原理及计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.[7]尚思贤,过洪波,任印堂.提高蒸汽分配系统中蒸汽干度的研究[J].特种油气藏,1998,5(1):33-36.[8]杨方,韩玉生.测量和控制蒸汽干度的方法[J].国外石油机械,1998,5(1):63-67.[9]赵建华.油田注汽锅炉干度控制系统[J].自动化仪表,2002,12(1):54-55.(Ed.:ZW,Z)7428