定语从句和名词性从句

定语从句总结概念：定语从句（AttributiveClauses）：定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。定语从句又称为形容词性从句。关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：①连接主从句。②指代先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。③在定语从句中充当句子成分。考点：关系词的选择（先行词不完整的情况要补充完整）解题步骤：①找出先行词。②找出定语从句。③判断定语从句中缺少什么成分。④把先行词带入定语从句中，构成一个完整的句子。题型示例：1.Theman[wholivesnexttous]sellsvegetables.（主）解析：①先行词是theman.②定语从句是[]里面的.③定语从句中缺少主语，而先行词指人，所以关系词可以用who或that.④Themanlivesnexttous.是一个完整的句子。2.October1,2008istheday[thatIwillneverforget].解析：①先行词是theday.②定语从句是[]里面的.③定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词指物，所以关系词可以用which或that.还可以省略。④Iwillneverforgettheday.是一个完整的句子。关系代词用法小结：That：指人又指物，做主语也可以做宾语。做宾语时可以省略。但不能引导非限制性定语从句。（注：只能用that不能用which的情况详见英语必修一练习册第四单元，在此不作详述）。Which：只能指物（除了人都是物，比如时间，地点，原因…），可以做主语也可以做宾语。做宾语时可以省略Who:只能指人，做主语也可以做宾语。做宾语时可以省略。Whom：只能指人，只能做宾语。做宾语时可以省略。Whose：表示从属关系，即“…的…”可以指人也可以指物的从属。特别注意：1.只有whom和which前面可以加介词。2.限制性定语从句中，先行词做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。如：A:Sheisthegirl___Iwanttovisit.(她是那个我想拜访的女孩)解析:thegirl是先行词，指人，做宾语，所以关系词可以用that，who,whom还可以省略。Iwanttovisitthegirl.是一个完整句子。对比:B:Sheisthegirl___Iwanttospeak.(她是那个我想和她说话的女孩)解析：thegirl是先行词，指人，做宾语。但是speak是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语。要跟介词to.即：Iwanttospeaktothegirl.才是完整的句子。所以该题的答案是towhom.以上A.B两题的唯一区别就是:从句中谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。As的用法:1.在限制性定语从句中，构成thesame…as…和such(a)…as…Eg..Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as2.在非限制性定语从句中，一般有如下短语：Aswe/youknow众所周知Asisknowntoall众所周知Asisreported/ashasbeenreported正如所报道的Asisexpected/ashasbeenexpected正如所预料的Eg.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what关系副词的用法小结：When：做时间状语，表示“在…时候”，可以等于相应的介词+whichEg:1985istheyearwhenIwasborn.Where：做地点状语，表示“在…地方”，可以等于相应的介词+whichEg:ThisistheschoolwhereIhavebeenworkingfor3years.Why:做原因状语，表示“因为…”，只能等于forwhich,且先行词一般为thereasonEg:ThatwasthereasonwhyIwaslatethismorning.非限制性定语从句（Why和that不能引导非限制性定语从句.）非限制性定语从句对先行词起附加说明的作用，可以去掉。而限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定的作用，不能去掉。Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasalonghistory.Shewaslateagain,whichmadeherbossveryangry.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.定语从句专项练习题1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there7.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked8.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom9.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which10.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as11.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what12.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who13.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat14.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what15.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when16.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./17.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter18.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what19.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich20.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which21.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich22.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere23.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that24.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which25.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are26.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it27.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that注：限制性定语从句……修饰限定非限制性定语从句…补充说明同位语从句…………解释说明1.Thegirlwhoisplayingbasketballismysister.2.Sheistoofat,whichmakesherunhappy.3.Doyouknowthenewsthatshewasmarriedlastweek?判断句型：1.Thenewsthatshetoldmeyesterdayistrue.2.Thenewsthatshehadanaccidentyesterdayistrue.名词性从句（byMr.Frank）一．概念：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1.引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,