大学英语语法与练习

•基本句型•SVC结构•SV和SVO结构•SVOiOd结构•SVOCo结构基本句型（BasicSentencePatterns）1.MissJonesisasecretary.SVC(主——系——表)2.Theflowersareblooming.SV(主——动)3.Wallshaveears.SVO(主——动——宾)4.Themotherwillbuythegirladress.SVOiOd(主——动——间宾——直宾)5.Theparentsconsiderthechildagenius(天才).SVOCo(主——动——宾——宾补)BackSVC结构连系动词(LinkVerb)become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn等表示“变得”、“成为”的动词，如：•Tom’swishhascometrue.•Therivergrowswider.•Theweatherturnedcold.continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay等表示“保持着某一状态”的动词，如：•Themilkremainedfreshforaweek.•Theweathercontinuedwarm.•Johnstoodloyaltohisfriend.appear,look,seem等表示“看起来”、“好像”的动词，如：•Thehouseappearslarge.•Yoursisterseemedunwell.feel,smell,sound,taste等表示“实感”的动词，如：•Yoursentencesoundsright.•Theappletastessour(酸的).注：上面有些动词用作及物动词或不及物动词时，其词义有变化。试比较：•Thechildisgrowingrapidly.(不及物动词，“生长”)•Mothergrowstomatoesforus.(及物动词，“种植”)•Iamgrowingimpatient.(连系动词，“渐渐变得”)EXERCISEFillintheblankswiththeverbsgivenbelow:lookedremainsoundsbecameseemappeared1.Honestly,hisstoryhardlytruetome.2.Youshoulddresswarmlybecausetheweatherforecastsaystheweatherwillcoldforthenextfewdays.3.Hob’snewneighboursverypleasant.4.Lastnightthecolourofstarsredbecausetherewasalotofhumidity(湿度)intheair.5.Afterhestoppedworking,hisphysicalconditionworse.6.Thestudentinthebackrowsleepy.sounds______remain______seem_____appeared________became_______looked______1.Suppliesareshort.(turning,running,seeming)2.Onlyafewapplesfreshforseveralmonths.(turned,became,remained)3.Tomdesperateinfrontofthelockeddoor.(felt,turned,fell)4.Hedesperatelyinallhispocketsforthekey.(fell,grew,felt)5.AtthePresident’sentryeveryonesilent.(fell,felt,looked)Fillintheblankswithappropriateverbs,andtranslatethesentencesintoChinese:running______remained_______felt___felt___fell___供应快完了。只有少数苹果几个月后仍然新鲜。汤姆站在锁着的门前一筹莫展。他拼命地在所有的口袋里寻找钥匙。6.Thisrulegoodatalltimes.(grows,looks,holds)7.Thesoles(鞋底)ofhisshoeshavethin.(become,worn,stayed)8.TheroadnorthtoLondon.(becomes,continues,gets)9.Relationsbetweenustobestrained(紧张).(feel,fall,continue)10.Youshouldyoureducation.(remain,keep,continue)holds_____worn____continues________continue_______continue_______此规则任何时候都有效。他的鞋底已磨薄。这路向北延伸至伦敦。我们之间的关系会依然紧张。你应继续受教育。TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:1.他的祖父终身贫穷。2.昨天我母亲发高烧，今天她感到好多了。3.天气继续晴朗。4.昨晚我一躺下就睡着了。5.我母亲彻夜未睡。6.我担心这音乐不够悦耳。7.这孩子越长越胖。Hisgrandfatherremainedpoorallhislife.Mymotherhadahighfeveryesterday.Todayshe’sfeelingmuchbetter.Theweathercontinuedfine.LastnightIfellasleepassoonasIlaydown.Mymotherstayedawakeallnight.Iamafraidthemusicdoesn’tsoundsweet.Thechildisgrowingfatter.BackSV和SVO结构及物动词(TransitiveVerb)和不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb)•英语有些动词只能用作及物动词，如enjoy,ignore,complete等；•有些动词只能用作不及物动词，如arrive,struggle,vanish等；•多数动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，例如：•Suddenlytheprocessionstopped.(SV结构，stopped为不及物动词)•Thepolicestoppedtheprocession.(SVO结构，stopped为及物动词)几个词形相似容易混淆的及物动词和不及物动词lay/lie,raise/rise,shine/shine这几个动词不但原形近似，变形也容易混淆。列表比较如下：vt.vi.lay(laid,laid,laying)Annlaidthebookonthedesk.lie(lay,lain,lying)Thebookislyingonthedesk.raise(raised,raised,raising)Thefarmerraisedthepriceofvegetables.rise(rose,risen,rising)Pricesarerising.shine(shined,shined,shining)(使光亮)Ishinedmyshoesyesterday.shine(shone,shone,shining)(发光，发亮)Ipolishedmyshoestilltheyshone.BackEXERCISECirclethecorrectoneofthetwowordsinthebrackets:一、Thedifficulty(laid,)inthelackoftime.Youcansitonthatbigrockthatis(,laying)onthebankoverthere.We(lay,)theblameonourselves.Herethecoal(,lays)nearthesurface.Havethey(lain,)enoughstressonthesepoints?Joewas(,laying)inthesunwhileJackwas(lying,)bricks.1lay23456lyinglaidlieslaidlyinglaying二、Ifhertemperature(,raises),callthedoctor.Robert(,rose)animportantquestionwhenhe(raised,)tospeak.Thesunhadalready(raised,)beforeTomandJane(raised,)thismorning.Nooneexpectedthetideto(,raise)sohigh.Beyondthispointtheroad(,raises)sharply.Ifthecostofliving(raises,),thecompanywill(,rise)thewages.123456risesraisedroserisenroseriserisesrisesraise三、Themoon(shined,)intomyroom.Hereyes(shined,)withexcitement.She(,shone)thesilverlongbeforetheguestsarrivedfordinner.Thepolishedsurface(shined,)inthesun.Heoften(,shone)hisshoesbeforegoingout.Happiness(shined,)fromherface.123456shoneshoneshinedshoneshinesshoneBackSVOiOd结构SVOiOd结构的语序一般应是“S+V+Oi+Od”。间接宾语后移时，必须在它的前面加to，for等介词。例如：•Anngaveabeautifuldolltoherdaughter.•Annmadeabeautifuldollforherdaughter.间接宾语后移时，间接宾语前加介词的情况a.加介词to表示间接宾语是动作的接受者。例如：Iwilltellthenewstotheminister’ssecretary.适用于这一情况的动词有:assign,award,bring,cause,deliver,deny,feed,give,grant,guarantee,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,read,recommend,render,rent,sell,send,serve,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,write等。b.加介词for表示间接宾语是动作的受益者。例如：Shecookedthreemealsadayforthewholefamily.适用于这一情况的动词有：bake,boil,book,build,buy,cash（兑现）,change,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,fry,get,grow,knit(编织)，leave,make,mix,order,paint,peel,play,post,pour,prepare,reserve,save,spare等。BackSVOCo结构常用于SVOCo结构中的动词有：appoint,believe,call,catch,choose,consider,declare,elect,fancy,feel,find,hear,imagine,judge,keep,know,leave,make,name,need,nominate(任命，指派)，prefer,prove,see,select,suppose,think,vote等。EXERCISEFillineachblankwitha