高性能混凝土与超高性能混凝土的发展和应用_冯乃谦

高性能混凝土与超高性能混凝土的发展和应用冯乃谦(清华大学,北京　100084)[]、、,,(HPC)(UHPC)。,HPCUHPC。UHPC,,。,UHPC,,、,,,、、。UHPC,,、。[];;;;;[]TU528.311[]A　　　　[]1002-8498(2009)04-0001-06DevelopmentandApplicationofHighPerformanceConcreteandUltra-highPerformanceConcreteFengNaiqian(TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing　100084,China)Abstract:Asthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies,whicharetheinventionandapplicationofnewwaterreducer,therecoveryandprocessingofultrafinemineralpowder,thedevelopmentoffiberandtheinventionofnewcement-basedmaterial,concretehasbeendevelopingrapidly,especiallyhighperformanceconcrete(HPC)andultra-highperformanceconcrete(UHPC),whicharewidelyusedinmanyprojects.TheresearchshowsthatreasonablemixproportionisimportantforUHPCpreparationandtheconcretestrengthatdifferentagesishigherthandesignreferencestrengthobviously.Furthermore,newUHPChassomecharacteristicsoflargeviscosity,smallflowvelocity,longconsumptionformeasuringslumpandslumpflow,whichaffectconstruction.Inordertosolvethesedisadvantages,somemethodsareputforward,suchascontrollingwaterconsumptionofpersquaremeter,controllingslumploss,applyingpowdereffect,andsoon.Moreover,controllingwater-cementandwater-binderratiocaninhibitself-shrinkagecracksofUHPC.Keywords:concrete;highperformance;ultra-highperformance;application;mixproportion;strength[]2008-11-13[],,,8-5-201　100084,:[phone],E-mail:[e-mail]　　20056(HS)、(HPC)7。HSHPC。(UHPC)。,5000,,。1　1.1　1960,,,。,1965。。10,,※※※。1.2　、、、,,,;;HPC;,。,(NC),HPCUHPC。1.3　、,(ECC)。,,UHPC。2　2.1　MDF(macro-defectfree)MDF,Birchall,1979。2009438　4　　　CONSTRUCTIONTECHNOLOGY1　　　　,、。BirchallMDF:①(90%～99%);②(4%～7%),20%。,,300MPa,150MPa,50GPaMDF。:,(PVA)(),,、、,。,,,,,。2.2　DSP(densifiedsystemcontaininghomogenouslyarrangedultrafineparticles)DSP,Bache。、、。。DSP、,1。1　DSPFig.1　DSPmodesBache。DSP,,2。2　Fig.2　Porositychangeofcombinationofdifferentultrafineparticleswithcement,,。20%,WB=0.12～0.22,≥500MPa,≥75MPa,≥80GPa。C2SDSP,。DSPHPCUHPC。3　HPCUHPCDSP,HPC、UHPCECC,DSP+S()+F()200MPa(250MPa);DSP+S()+G()150MPa(180MPa)。3.1　ECC(engineeredcementitiouscomposites)UHPC,DSP+S()+F()+。ECC。3.1.1　ECC,、。ECC,3。3　ECCFig.3　Anti-seismicstructureofECC3.1.2　UHPC(ECC)1)UHPC,SherbrookeUHPC。2)2001,Valence2,20.5m22.5m,,4。UHPC,2.5%～3.0%。4　Bourg-les-ValenceFig.4　RoadbridgebuiltinFrance　　3),UHPC,135m,40m。5。4)UHPC,6。,。3911m,,1991m,19885,19984。40m3(HPC),。2　　　　385　KasseeUHPCFig.5　PedestrianbridgebuiltwithUHPCinGermany6　ECCFig.6　ApplicationofECCinJapanesebridge3.2　HPC、UHPC1)UHPC,。98m,28m,85cm;,7。7　UHPCFig.7　TollstationbuiltwithUHPC8　Fig.8　West-towerprojectinconstruction　　2)　435m,,C70、C80、C90HPC,C100UHPC,400m(8)。3)　、,HPC、UHPC10。FC60～FC80FC150UHPC,,,。4　UHPC4.1　1)　UHPC,C2S、。2)　、,UHPC,,。3)　,30%,。4)　(1.5%),,≤20mm,UHPC400Lm3。,。,,,。5)　、。UHPC2%～4%。4.2　UHPC1。1M1、M1QM2Q,ECC;B1、B1Q、B2QB3Q,。UHPCWB(WC),0.18～0.21(0.22～0.28);,,55～65cm。,UHPC2。9。9,150MPaUHPC,10180MPa;120MPaUHPC,10140MPa;100MPaUHPC,10120MPa。4.3　4.3.1　UHPC,,,UHPC10。(NC)HPC1　UHPCTable1　MixproportionofUHPC(kgm3)(≤1mm)(28)(2.5V%)ⅠⅡWCWBcmM19001016—225192——28.21850.230.1855M1Q7331008—230192——28.21610.240.1955M2Q832975—135192183—28.61610.220.1955B1800440870200192207—29.41660.230.1865B1Q630433867197192158—24.71510.270.2055B2Q723425850118192181—25.61570.240.2165B3Q58035471117719432513130.41410.280.21652009No.4:3　　　　2　UHPCTable2　MixproportionofUHPCinJapan(Nmm2)(WB)%%(kgm3)%(kgm3)13018.01.01508336478351.55＊2.510022.52.01556896928712.701.58029.52.01555268358712.201.5　　:＊1.55%,3.55%9　Fig.9　StrengthofconcretewithdifferentstrengthgradesatdifferentagesUHPC,UHPC(10av0),NC(10av1),UHPC。NC;UHPC(HPC),、。10　UHPCFig.10　CharacteristicsofnewconcretewithUHPCUHPC,。:≤10s,UHPC;,2h,。:10s;1h15s;2h25s,UHPC。4.3.2　4.3.2.1　Marushima,。WB=0.18UHPC,150kgm3,3.0%。2m3,60kW,740mm;500mm,8～10s。(150kgm3155kgm3),,500mm。150kgm3140kgm3,,500mm,。4.3.2.2　,3。1)11a,,mn,(11b),(11c)。11　Fig.11　Molecularstructureofhighrangepolycarboxylatewaterreducerandongoingchangeofconcreteflow2)WB=0.25UHPC,165kgm3,40%,1.5%,3%;1.2%,1.5%。23,2,,2～3d。3　UHPCTable3　PerformanceandongoingchangeofnewconcretewithUHPCsmmmm1h2h1h2h1h2h787.0270265265730690675767.52652552557006405904.3.2.3　4　　　　38,DSP,。,,,;,,12。12　Fig.12　Influenceofmixingamountofultrafineparticlesonpastefluidity12,;5%,,;,,。UHPC4。,WB=0.20,C=500kgm3,BFS=212.5kgm3,GP=12.5kgm3,SF=25kgm3,W=150kgm3。4　UHPCTable4　InfluenceofslagwithdifferentfinessonUHPCfluidity(m2kg)mmmms40026567063018.368002756606707.8910002656306208.36　　4,800m2kg,、,。UHPC5。,WB=0.20,W=150kgm3,C=500kgm3。①BFS+GP=250kgm3;②BFS+GP+SF=250kgm3(SF25kgm3),340m2kg,400m2kg,,20cm2g。5　UHPCTable5　InfluenceofdifferentultrafineparticlescombinationonUHPCfluiditymmmmsC+BFS①26565063018C+BFS+SF②2756606709　　,,,,UHPC。5　UHPC,,,,;。UHPC,。UHPC。UHPCWC13。WC,。4,20%,150kgm3,500kgm3,0.3。,。13　WCFig.13　Autogenousshrinkagecrackingcomparisonofconcretewithdifferentwatercementratio,10%10%,UHPC,。6　6.1　1)14。WC=14%,-UHPC-B,A-B-UHPC。,。14　UHPCFig.14　UHPCstrengthwithdifferentcoarseandfineaggregates2),UHPC15,,3、7d,28d。UHPC15%。3)()　S.F.Freyue,W.MicahHale2009No.4:5　　　　15　UHPCFig.15　UHPCstrengthwithdifferentsilicafumereplacementratioB.W.Russell0.22～0.41HPC,:①WB　fc(1d,