基于单片机的数字电压表设计

本科毕业（设计）论文题目基于单片机的数字电压表设计学院电子信息工程专业通信工程学生姓名XX学号XXXXXXXXXXX年级XXXX级指导教师XXX职称高级工程师二〇一三年十二月二十日成都学院学士学位论文（设计）基于单片机的数字电压表设计专业：通信工程学号：XXXXXXXXXXXX学生：XX指导教师：田晓滨摘要：在工业生产和控制中，常常需要对0-16V的多点电压值进行采集以完成后续工作，因此对多点高量程电压的测量是十分必要的。本次设计主要采用单片机AT89S51、A/D转换器TLC2543、继电器、基准电压源、LCD1602液晶显示器设计的多点数字电压表。该设计将输入的0-16V直流电压分为高、低两个量程进行测量，待测模拟电压输入默认接入高量程电路，通过单片机编程实现多路A/D转换TLC2543的选通和接入，转换结果与设定值作比较以控制继电器自动切换高、低电压测量量程。转换结果经单片机运算处理后，通过1602液晶屏将三路被测电压值显示出来。该设计最终可实现对三路0-16V直流电压的测量与显示，能自动转换量程，误差小于0.05V。可应用在工业生产控制中，对生产进行实时监控，发现异常及时提醒相关人员采取措施。关键词：数字电压表；多点测量；AT89S51；A/D转换器成都学院学士学位论文（设计）DesignofdigitalvoltagemeterbasedonsinglechipSpecialty：CommunicationEngineeringStudentNumber：201010315224Student：LiPingSupervisor：TianXiaobinAbstract：Inindustrialproductionandcontrol,thecollectionof0-16voltmulti-pointvoltagevaluesisindispensableforthecompletionofthework.Therefore,themeasurementofmulti-pointhighrangevoltageisnecessary.Thedesignofmulti-pointdigitalvoltmetermainlyconsistsofsingle-chipAT89S51,A/DconverterTLC2543,relay,referencevoltagesourceand1602liquidcrystaldisplay(LCD).Inthisdesign,0-16Vdirect-circuit(DC)inputvoltagewouldbedividedintotworanges-thehigherandthelower.Then,takestheto-be-measuredanalogvoltageasdefaultaccesstohighrangecircuit,realizesthegatingandaccessofmulti-circuitA/DconverterTLC2543throughthesingle-chipprogrammingandfinally,comparestheconversionresultsandsetvaluetocontroltherelaytoachieveautomaticswitchofhighorlowvoltagemeasurementrange.Withthecalculationandprocessingofsingle-chip,themeasuredtriplecircuitswilldisplayontheLCD1602.Thedesignwouldfinallyrealizethemeasurementanddisplayofthree0-16VDCvoltage,andcouldautomaticallychangetherange.Besides,theerrorwouldbelessthan0.05V.Theavailabilityofthemulti-pointdigitalvoltmetergivesaccesstoreal-timemonitorofproductionandinformstufftotakepromptactionsincaseofanyemergencyduringtheindustrialprocessing.Keywords：Digitalvoltmeter；Multi-pointmeasurement；AT89S51；A/Dconverter成都学院学士学位论文（设计）I目录1.绪论.........................................................................11.1数字电压表简介..........................................................11.1.1数字电压表的特点..................................................11.1.2数字电压表研究现状和发展趋势......................................21.2数字电压表研究的目的与意义..............................................22.设计方案.....................................................................32.1本次设计研究的主要内容..................................................32.2设计指标................................................................32.3数字电压表设计方案......................................................42.4设计工作安排............................................................53.硬件选择.....................................................................63.1单片机介绍..............................................................63.1.1单片机的主要特点..................................................63.1.2单片机AT89S51.....................................................63.2继电器..................................................................93.2.1继电器的工作原理..................................................93.2.2继电器的主要作用.................................................103.2.3继电器的选择.....................................................103.3A/D转换器.............................................................113.3.1A/D转换器原理....................................................113.3.2A/D转换精度......................................................133.3.3A/D转换芯片的选择................................................133.3.4TLC2543芯片......................................................143.4LCD1602................................................................164.硬件电路设计................................................................194.1Altiumdesigner介绍...................................................194.2单片机最小系统.........................................................19成都学院学士学位论文（设计）II4.2.1时钟电路.........................................................194.2.2复位电路.........................................................204.3A/D转换器与单片机的接口电路...........................................214.4分压、换挡电路.........................................................214.5显示电路...............................................................224.6总体硬件电路...........................................................235.软件设计与仿真..............................................................245.1开发工具...............................................................245.2程序流程图.............................................................245.3仿真工具Proteus.......................................................265.4硬件仿真...............................................................275.4.1数字电压表低电压档仿真...........................................275.4.2数字电压表高低压档仿真...........................................286.数字电压表的制作和调试......................................................296.1硬件制作过程...........................................................296.2硬件调试过程...........................................................306.3硬件调试过程遇到的问题及解决方法.......................................316.4调试结果及误差分析.......................