2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版

2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）Trustisatrickybusiness。Ontheonehand，it‘sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。Ontheotherhand，puttingyour2，inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3。4，whydowetrustatall？Well，becauseitfeelsgood。5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution，theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin，ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother。Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9：InaSwissstudy，researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects；thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse。11forus，wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us。ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone。Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer。Thetesterwouldask，“What’sinhere？”beforelookingintothecontainer，smiling，andexclaiming，“Wow！”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15。Halfofthemfoundatoy；theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them。Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked，themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill，demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership。19，onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity。1。[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from2。[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest3。[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4。[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5。[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6。[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7。[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8。[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9。[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10。[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11。[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12。[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13。[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14。[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted15。[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside16。[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]。remembered17。[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked18。[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled19。[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance20。[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitableSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（40points）Text1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign：Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs？Don‘tdismissthatpossibilityentirely。AbouthalfofU.S。jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated，accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy，withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed。Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots。Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking，financialadvice，softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest，orsoonwill。Therichowntherobots，sotheywillbefine。Thisisn‘ttobealarmist。Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast。TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms，butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed。Likewise，automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity，stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices，andfreeworkersfromhard，boringwork。Butinthemediumterm，middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting。Thefirststep，asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge，shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining。Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication。Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots。Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind。Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable。Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt。ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S。toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism：Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier。Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange，entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines。Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven‘tbeeninventedyet。TheU.S。needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem。Finally，becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome，taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought。Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut，andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded：Thiswouldboostincomes，encouragework，rewardcompaniesforjobcreation，andreduceinequality。Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears，yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation。Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts。Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable。21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation？[A]Leadingpoliticians。[B]Low-wagelaborers。[C]Robotowners。[D]Middle-classworkers。22。Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview？[A]Worriesabout