高考英语高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习

1.......高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习一、高考英语改错题的题型特点：高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错，代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。高考英语改错题为一篇短文，十道小题。错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。在十道小题当中，一般需改动5-6处，添加和删除共3-4处，不需改动即正确的为1处。高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外)。二、正确的解题方法因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错，这就要求考生有整体观念。因此，考生应先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。找出错误并改正后，还需要再通读全文，从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确。三、错误类型笔者对1996年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(1996.86)意为该例句出自1996年高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)1、动词时态从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。(1)Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughingtogether.had(1996.92)(2)DearBob，Hello.IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacherMissFang.learned(1997.86)(3)Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootballteam.am(1998.86)(4)Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing...was(1999.92)(5)Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.calmed(2000.83)2(6)Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome；theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat...do(2001.79)(7)Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.passed(2002.82)2、名词单复数单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。(1)TheywereeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestion.questions(1996.94)(2)Westudyquiteafewsubject，suchasmaths，Chinese，Englishandphysics.subjects(1997.91)(3)WepractisethreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.matches(1998.88)(4)Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess，but...schoolmates(2000.77)(5)...；theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.subjects(2001.81)(6)OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.pictures(2002.82)3、句子结构句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。(1)They∧eagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.(形容词不能单独作谓语)were(1996.93)(2)I'dliketo∧yourpenfriend，andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.be/become(1997.87)(I'dliketo...中的to为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)(3)IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina.which(1997.89)(关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)(4)What∧yourfavouritesport？is(1997.94)(主系表结构中缺少连系动词)(5)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.hearing(1997.95)(此句中to为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)(6)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso...Playing(1998.89)3(动词不能作主语)(7)Also，thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience(服从).importance(1998.93)(形容词important不能作动词teaches的直接宾语)(8)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday'sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.watching(1999.88)(同(6)，动词不能作主语)(9)Unfortunate，therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.Unfortunately(1999.89)(作为全句的状语，应该用Unfortunate的副词形式)(10)...butitdidn'tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.whether(2000.78)(由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由whether引导)(11)Myparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycan∧makesurethatIgetagoodeducation.to(2001.78)(此句中alltheycan为allthattheycando的省略形式，tomakesurethat...为动词不定式短语作目的状语)(12)...，butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.about(2001.83)(介词about后无宾语，此介词多余)(13)Itwasaboutnoon∧wearrivedatthefootofthemountain.when(2002.78)(复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)4、赘述高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)(1)TodayIvisitedtheSmiths-myfirsttimevisittoanAmericanfamily.time(1996.86)(2)Infact，theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.in(1996.95)(3)First，letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.more(1997.88)(4)WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.for(1998.87)(5)NowIcan'twatchmuchtelevision，butafewyearsagoIwasusedtowatchiteverynight.much(1999.86)(6)WheneverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.often(2000.85)(7)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmy4headtouchedthepillow.at(2002.85)5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。(1)Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.of(1996.88)(2)Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime，but...used(1997.92)(3)Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.one(1999.91)(4)...buttheothersspentalot∧timearguingand...of(1999.93)(5)WhenIwasonthestagethenextday，IfeltsonervousasIshooklikealeaf.that(2000.80)(6)Suddenly，IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)(7)Likemostofmyschoolmates，Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters-inanyotherwords，Iamanonlychild.any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)6、冠词英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1)不定冠词a和an互改；2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3)根据需要增删冠词。(1)TodayIvisitedtheSmiths-myfirstvisittoaAmericanfamily.an(1996.87)(2)Eachplayermustobey∧captain，whoistheleaderoftheteam.the(1998.94)(3)Suddenly，IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)(4)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof，but...the(2001.82)(5)Aseveryoneknows，it's∧famousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.a(2002.76)7、代词代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。(1)TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.their(1996.90)(2)Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.we(1998.95)(3)Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.everyone/everybody(1999.95)(4)Thedaybeforethespeechcontest∧Englishteacher5talkedtome.my(2000.76)(5)Itwasabout