人体解剖学中英名词对照表

人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（*）标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。一、总论（一）解剖学分类(ClassificationofAnatomy)anatomy解剖学humananatomy,anthropotomy人类解剖学systematicanatomy系统解剖学regional(topographic)anatomy,topology局部解剖学gross(macroscopic)anatomy大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopicanatomy显微解剖学macro-microscopicanatomy巨-微解剖学sectionalanatomy断面解剖学pathological(morbid)anatomy病理解剖学neuroanatomy神经解剖学chemicalneuroanatomy化学解剖学developmentalanatomy发生(或发育)histologicanatomy组织解剖学histology组织学embryology胚胎学anthropology人类学（二）一般解剖学术语(GeneralAnatomicalTerms)dissection，dissect(v.)解剖，解剖标本normality，normal(a.)正常abnormality,abnormal异常variation变异deformity,malformation畸形specimen标本model模型（三）方位术语(PositionalTerms)1.anatomicalposition解剖学姿势2.方位术语(termsofdirection)superior,upper上inferior,lower下anterior前侧posterior后侧ventral(dorsal)腹(背)侧medial(lateral)内(外)侧intermediate中间internal,interior,inner,inside内external,exterior,outer,outside外superficial浅deep,profound深proximal(distal)近(远)侧ulnar(radial)尺(桡)侧tibial(fibular)胫(腓)侧palmar掌侧plantar足底left左right右middle中median正中3.轴和面(AxesandPlanes)axis(pl.axes),axial(a.)轴vertical(perpendicular)axis,longitudinalaxis垂直轴,纵轴coronal(frontal)axis冠(额)状轴sagittalaxis矢状轴plane(平)面horizontal(transverse)plane水平面,横平面coronal(frontal)plane冠(额)状面sagittalplane矢状面mediansagittalplane正中矢状面transversesection横切面longitudinalsection纵切面（四）人体的分部和分区(ToponymandZonationoftheHumanbody)1.头(Head)head头(的)Skull，craniun，cranial(a.)颅front,frontal,region额区perietalregion顶区occiput,occipitalregion枕区Face,facial(a.)面orbit,orbitalregion眶区nose,nasalregion鼻区mouth,oralregion口区chin,mentalregion颌区ear,auditoryregion耳区2.颈(Neck)neck,collum,cervical&jugular(a.)颈anteriorregionofneck,anteriorofneck颈前区carotidtriangle颈动脉三角musculartriangle肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoidregion胸锁乳突肌区supraclaviculartriangle锁骨上三角posteriorregionofneck,nuchalregion颈后区,项区nape,nucha,nuchal(a.)项rootofneck颈根部3.躯干(Trunk)trunk,truncus躯干Mediananteriorline前正中线sternalline胸骨线parasternalline胸骨旁线midclavicularline锁骨中线anterior(posterior)axillaryline腋前(后)线midaxillaryline腋中线scapularline肩胛线medianposteriorline后正中线Back,dorsal背vertebralregion脊柱区sacralregion骶区scapularregion肩胛下区lumbarregion腰Chest,thorax,thoracic(a.)胸sternalregion胸骨(前)区infraclavicularfossa锁骨下窝Abdomen,abdominal(a.)腹Hypochondriac季肋区epigastricregion腹上区lateralregionofabdomem腹外侧区umbilicalregion脐区inguinalregion,iliacregion,腹股沟区，髂区inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubicregion,hypogastricregion耻区，腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a.)盆部Perineum,perineal(a.)会阴analregion肛区urogenitalregion尿生殖区4.四肢(Limbs)limbs,extremities四肢Upperlimbs(extremities)上肢Shoulder肩axilla,axillaryregion腋区Freeupperlimb自由上肢arm,brachial(a.)臂anterior(posterior)brachialregion臂前(后)区elbow,cubital,(a.)肘forearm,antebrachial(a.)前臂anterior(posterior)antebrachialregion前臂前(后)区hand,manual(a.)手wrist,carpal(a.)腕palm,palmar,metacarpal(a.)掌back(palm)ofhand手背(掌)finger,digital(a.)手指thumb拇指indexfinger示指middlefinger中指ringfinger环指littlefinger小指Lowerlimb下肢hip,coxal(a.)髋buttock,glutealregion臀区Freelowerlimb自由下肢anterior(posterior)regionofthigh股前(后)区femoraltriangle股三角medialregionofthigh股内侧区knee,geniculate(a.)膝anterior(posterior)regionofknee膝前(后)区leg,crural(a.)小腿anterior(posterior)cruralregion小腿前(后)区foot,pedal(a.)足dorsumoffoot足背sole,planta(pl.plantae)足底toes足趾greattoe足母趾二、各章解剖学词汇*(一)运动系统(LocomotorSystem)1．骨学(Osteology)（1）概述osteology骨学*bone，bony骨skeleton，skletal(a.)骨骼long(short，flat)bone长(短，扁)骨irregularbone不规则骨pneumaticbone含气骨sesamoidbone籽骨，shaft，diaphysis骨干，骨体bony(osseous)substance骨质compact(spongy)bone骨密(松)质trabeculae骨小梁periosteum(外)膜endosteum骨内膜medullary髓腔red(yellow)bonemarrow红(黄)骨髓（2）中轴骨骼(AxialSkeleton)躯干骨(BonesofTrunk)*Vertebral(spinel)column脊柱*vertebralcanal椎管intervertebralforamen椎间孔cervical(thoracic,lumbar,sacral)curvature颈(胸，腰，骶)曲vertebra(pl.vertebrae)椎骨vertebralbody(arch)椎体(弓)pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板vertebralforamen椎孔spinousprocess棘突transverseprocess横突superior(inferior)articularprocess上(下)关节突cervicalvertebrae颈椎atlas寰椎axis枢椎prominentvertebrae隆椎thoracicvertebrae胸椎lumbarvertebrae腰椎sacrum,sacralbone骶骨coccyx尾骨thoraciccavity胸腔superior(inferior)apertureofthorax胸廓上下口costalarch肋弓intercostalsspace肋间隙infrasternalangle胸骨下角*ribs,costa(costae)肋*sternum胸骨Sternalmanubrium胸骨柄Sternalangle(body)胸骨角(体)Xiphoidprocess剑突颅骨(skull)cerebralcranium脑颅cranialcavity颅腔calvaria颅盖pterion翼点jugularforamen颈静脉孔internalsurfaceofbaseofskull颅底内面anterior(middle,posterior)cranialfossa颅前中，后)窝facialcranium面颅orbit眶bonynasalcavity骨性鼻腔piriformaperture,anteriornasalaperture梨状孔，鼻前孔posteriornasalaperture鼻后孔bonyseptumofnose骨鼻中隔superior(middle,inferior)meatusofnose上(中,下)鼻道temporalfossa颞窝zugomaticarch颧弓infratemporalfossa颞下窝pterygopalatinefossa翼腭窝cranialfontaelles颅囟anterior(posterior)fontanelle前(后)囟anterolateral(posterolateral)fontanelle前(后)外侧囟cranialbones脑颅骨occipitalbone枕骨largeforamenofoccipitalbone枕骨大孔externaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆凸superior(inferior)nuchalline上(下)项线sulcusfortransversesinus,transversesulcus横窦沟sphenoidbone蝶骨hypophysealfossa垂体窝opticcanal视神经管round(oval,spinous)foramen圆(卵圆，棘)孔temporalbone颞骨petrouspart岩部mastoidprocess乳突carotidcanal颈动脉管tympanictegmen鼓室盖arcuateeminence弓状隆起trigeminalimpression三叉神经压迹intern