直接引语和间接引语(公开课)

语法复习直接引语和间接引语(Directspeechandindirectspeech)Shesaid“Wehaveonlyoneearth.Wemustkeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.Wemusttryourbesttoprotecther,andmakeourhomemorebeautiful.”Shesaidthattheyhadonlyoneearth.Theymustkeeptheirenvironmentcleanandtidy.Theymusttrytheirbesttoprotecther,andmaketheirhomemorebeautiful.”Whatdidshelastsentencessay?直接引语(directspeech)间接引语(indirectspeech)直接引语变间接引语面面观一、如何变人称：a.从句是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰时。1.Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwith.2.Hesays,“Iamtired.”Hesaysistired.Conclusion（结论）：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化而变化，也称一随主。herherheb.从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰时。1.LucyaskedTom,“Canyouhelpme?”LucyaskedTomifcouldhelp.2.HesaidtoKate.“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowsisterwasthen。heherConclusion（结论）：若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的宾语一致。也称二随宾。herC.如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰1.MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”MrSmithsaidwasagoodboy.2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyarewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthatwerewalkingthroughthestreetthen.Conclusion（结论）：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化,也称“第三人称不更新”。Jack口诀：一随主,二随宾，第三人称不更新。they()1.Shesays,“Iamhappy.”----Shesays_____ishappy.A.IB.sheC.you()2.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”----MotheraskedmewhetherfinishedhomeworkbeforewatchedTV.A.youmyIB.sheheryouC.ImyI()3.Wesaidtoher,“They’replayingbasketballnow.”---Wetoldherthatplayingbasketballthen.A.wewereB.youareC.theywereBCC练兵场，小试身手一()4.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”---Heoftentellsmethat_____willtell_____about______.A.I…you…themB.he…me…themC.he…you…us()5.Ishalltellhim,“Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice.”---Ishalltellhimthat___havewrittento___and___twice.A.I…him…herB.you…him…herC.I…you…meBA二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1.主句为过去式时1)Shesaid:”Iamastudent.”→Shesaid(that)sheastudent.2)Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhegotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,”Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhegoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.Conclusion（结论）：主句为过去时态时，从句则一般都改成过去时态，也称：主过从过waswouldwas直接引语变间接引语,主句为过去时时，从句时态要发生如下变化:一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时2.主句为一般现在时或将来时态时，1)Hesays,“Iamtired.”→Hesayshetired.2)Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”→Hewillsaytheboylazy.Conclusion（结论）：主句为一般现在时或将来时态时，间接引语的时态一般不变。iswas注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理，或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，经常用一般现在时。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtometheeartharoundthesunearth.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.→JacksaidhebornonApril21,1980.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasreadingwhenTomcametoseeme”.→JacksaidhewhenTomcametoseehim.moveswasreadingwas④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（could,should,would,might）,和已经是过去时的形式时，不再变(oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)。Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.1.Hesaid，“Idoit,”.----Hesaidthatheit.2.“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.----Hesaidheherbefore.3.“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.----Shesaidshecoffeeforusall.4.Hesaid:“Wewillstarttomorrow.”----Hesaidtheystartthenextday.5.Hesays,“Iamhappy.”-----Hesayshehappy.6.Hewillsay,“Thegirlwasbeautiful.”------Hewillsaythegirlbeautiful.7.Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”----Ourteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.8.Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”----Hesaidthatpracticeperfect.didhadseenwasmakingwouldiswastravelsmakes练兵场，小试身手二三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，1.时间状语，由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday为thedaybefore,today变为thatday等）Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimming.thennow----thentoday----thatdayyesterday---thedaybeforelastweek----theweekbeforethreedaysago----threedaysbeforetomorrow----thenextdaynextweek----thenextweek2.地点状语,here变thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→TheteachersaidIshouldgoat7:00.3.指示代词修饰的状语，this改为that,these改为thoseHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“→Hesaidbookwashis.4.动词的转变，come—go,bring—taketherethat直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterday(前天）twodaysbeforetomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake四、如何变句型(引导词的运用)：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由引导的宾语从句,句式…said/toldthat…Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“→Shesaidtheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由或引导的宾语从句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“→HeaskedJohnhecouldswim.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?→HeaskedmeIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.thatwhetherifthatwhetherif③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedme.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→Sheaskedme.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为不定式的形式如“tell(ask等)sb(not)todosth.“句型。如：1.Don'tmakeanynoise,shesaidtothestudents.→Shetoldthestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.whentheyhadtheirdinnerwhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein练兵场，小试身手四找出下列各句子中的错误的地方，并加以改正。1.Hetoldmethathehavelefthisbookinhisroom.2.SheaskedTomifdidheca