名词性从句讲解及练习2015

什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句•名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause一、找出以下句子的各成分（主、谓、宾、表、同位语）1.Mouselovesrice.2.Chrisisagirl.3.IamMissChen,theheadteacherofClass1.4.(1)Hisjobisimportant.(2)Whathedoesisimportant.5.(1)Thisishisjob.(2)Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.6.(1)Idon’tlikehisjob.(2)Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.7.(1)Idon’tknowtheman,Mr.White.(2)Idon’tknowthefactthatheisateacher.SubjectClauses主语从句1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分他会成功是肯定的1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.是否他去那儿还不知道2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.他说的话不是真的3)Whathesaidisnottrue.无论谁来都是受欢迎的4)Whoevercomesiswelcome.1.主语从句引导词:1.从属连词:that,whether2.疑问代词:what,which,who,whom,whose3.疑问副词:when,where,why,how4.复合关系代词:whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.It’scertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.It的用法：（形式主语）It’spossible/important/necessary/clear/obviousthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported/believedthat..据说/据报道…Itseems/appears/happens/occurs/matters/that…显然、明显、碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/asurprise/aquestion/ashame/hightime…【特别提醒】连接代词what,whoever,whatever,whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.Whateverwassaidherehasleftusmuchtothink.1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Itisobvioustothestudentswhethertheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.itItthatwhether找出下列句子中的错误当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句______，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it也可作形式宾语。后置it作形式主语和形式宾语用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisanhonorthat……非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句(多用should)Itisnaturalthat…很自然……Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……it作形式主语和形式宾语(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……Itappearsthat…似乎……(4)Itis＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说……it作形式主语和形式宾语•考点二•注意：从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数•What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定•Whatheneeds----thatbook.•Whatheneeds__somebooks._is_areObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主语+谓语vt.+连词（引导词）+宾语从句vi+prep.be+adj.•他建议他们明年去香港旅行。•HesuggestedthattheyshouldmakeatriptoHongKongnextyear.•我们的成功取决于我们互相之间合作得如何。•Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.•没人敢确定一百万年以后地球是否存在•Noonecanbesurewhethertheearthwillexistinamillionyears.•你可以做你喜欢做的任何事情•Youmaydowhateveryouliketodo一，引导词:1.从属连词:that,whether,if2.疑问代词:what,which,who,whom,whose3.疑问副词:when,where,why,how4.复合关系代词:whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever宾语从句引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：•1.宾语从句前有插入语。•Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.•2.在介词后。•Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch.•3.that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。•Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthat(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.•4.有间接宾语时。•HetoldmethathewasleavingforJapan.•5.that从句单独回答问题时。•—Whatdidhehear?他听说了什么事？•—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.•6.在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。•Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.•7.位于句首时。如：•Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?a.Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.b.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?a.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.b.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√3.否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idon’tthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can’tshe?但此时主句主语必须是第一人称如果不是则不能否定从句,如:Hethoughttheywerewrong,didn'the?而不能说weren'tthey?4.It作为形式宾语而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾,•Like/love/hate/appreciate/help/look/dependon/seeto/counton/relyon+it+when/if/thatclause•Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfull.•Sb.+think/find/make+it+adj./n.+thatclause•Hemadeitclearthathewouldleaveofficesoon.PredicativeClauses表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。表语从句•他缺席的原因是因为他生病住院.•Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasillinhospital.•问题是他们是否能帮我们克服困难•Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpusout.•那就是我们应该首先做的事•Thatiswhatweshoulddofirst.•这是因为你太认真的缘故•Itisbecauseyouaretooserious.•他看起来好像快要哭起来了•Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.例