定语从句入门整理概括

定语从句1.先行词2.主从句3.关系代词：其作用有①.连接主从句②.代替先行词，关系代词可以代替先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语关系代词：thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas1.前提：当先行词为物（非生命）时，可用that或which①.关系代词代替先行词在从句中充当主语时可用that或whichEg.Thisisthegiftwhich/thatisboughtbyTom.②.关系代词代替先行词在从句中充当宾语时可用that或which，或者省略Eg.Thisisthegiftwhich/thatTomboughtyesterday.或者ThisisthegiftTomboughtyesterday.2.前提：当先行词为有生命体时，可用who，whom，that①.关系代词代替先行词在从句中充当主语，只能用who或thatEg.Ihatethemanwho/thatalwaystellslies.②.关系代词代替先行词在从句中充当宾语，可用who，whom，thatEg.Ihatethemanwho/whom/thatIsawyesterday.注：（特殊）在定语从句中that不能与介词搭配。先行词为生命体时，与介词搭配的只能是whom；先行词为生命体时，与介词搭配的只能是whichEg.HeisthemanwithwhomIwentswimming.Howisthecase?1.Ahairandsomedropsofbloodwerefound,inthelightof_____themurdererwillsoonbefoundout.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when2.Intheroomtherearemanytables_______youcansitandread.A.inwhichB.ofwhomC.ofitD.atwhich**只能用that不用which的情况1.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时Eg.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.2.当先行词是不定代词时，如all,little,few,much,alot,anything,everything,none,nothing,some等Eg.Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.3.当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,last,few,just等修饰时Eg.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.4.当先行词既有人又有物时Eg.LatermyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedforabouthalfanhourofthethingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.5.当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复Eg.Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?6.当关系词在从句中做表语Eg.Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.**只能用which不用that的场合1.关系代词前有介词2.引导非限制性从句限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句中没有逗号，限制性较强，翻译成汉语时应放在先行词前面Eg.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句中间有逗号，限制性不强，翻译成汉语一般放在先行词之后，起一个补充说明的作用Eg.LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.昨晚我看了一部很好的电影，是关于长征的附：关系词的基本用法词形先行词充当从句的成分关系代Who人主、宾Whom人宾Which物主、宾、定词That人、物主、宾、表As人、物主、宾、表Whose=（ofwhich/ofwhom）人、物定语关系副词When=(on/at/inwhich)时间词时间状语Where=(in/at/onwhich)地点词地点状语How方式词方式状语Why=forwhich原因词原因状语AsAs引导的定语从句通常有比较固定的句式或标志1.as可以引导限制性定语从句。As在从句中做主语、宾语和表语，常与thesame,such,as,so搭配。Eg.Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.HeiswearingthesamejacketasIboughtyesterday.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子，意思为“正如，正像”，后面的谓语动词多是know,see,say,expect,mention,report等，从句可放在句首、句中和句末Eg.Asisknowntoall,Libaiwasafamouspoet