高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+助动词的过去式（were,did,had）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.与将来事实相反的假设①If+主语+动词过去式②If+主语+wereto+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。③用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。2④含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。习题1.Ifmylawyer＿＿＿herelastSaturday,he＿＿＿mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented2.Ifit＿＿＿forthesnow,we＿＿＿themountainyesterday.A.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen,couldclimb3.Withoutelectricity(电)humanlife＿＿＿quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe＿＿＿,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Hehesitated(犹豫)foramomentbeforekicking(踢)theball.Otherwisehe＿＿＿agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored7.＿＿＿rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleavesC.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft38.Hadheworkedharder,he＿＿＿theexam.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthroughC.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough9.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe＿＿＿then.A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtobehereC.shouldbehereD.wouldbehere10.＿＿＿formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.HaditnotbeenC.WithoutbeingD.Nothavingbeen11.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe＿＿＿him.A.wouldhavecalledB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned虚拟语气(1)复习题1.He＿＿＿youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive2.＿＿＿foryourlaziness(懒惰),youcouldhavefinishedtheassignment(任务)bynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.ItwerenotC.weren’titD.Hadnotitbeen3.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladder(梯子)tocatchyouwhenyoufell,you＿＿＿now.A.wouldn’tbesmilingB.couldn’thavesmiledC.won’tsmileD.didn’tsmile4.Ifit＿＿＿ProfessorJohnson’srecommendation(推荐),Iwouldn’thavebeenadmittedtothegraduateschool(研究生学院).A.werenotforB.hadnotbeenforC.werenotD.haditnotbeen5.Ifwedonotdevelopanewkindofcar,airpollution＿＿＿evenmoredangerous.4A.shouldhavebecomeB.willbecomeC.wouldhavebecomeD.musthavebecome6.Butforthestormyweather,we＿＿＿earlier.A.shouldarriveB.shallarriveC.shouldhavearrivedD.shallhavearrived7.Ifwe＿＿＿theirterms(条款，条件),wewouldgobankrupt(破产).A.acceptB.shouldacceptC.hadacceptedD.aretoaccept8.Johnwouldneverhavegonetothehospital＿＿＿thatTomwouldbethere,too.A.hedidnotknowB.ifhadheknownC.hadheknownD.hewouldhaveknown9.Hadhebeenmorecareful,he＿＿＿thataccident.A.wouldavoidB.wouldhaveavoidedC.avoidedD.shouldavoid10.Butthathecametohelpme,I＿＿＿thereearlier.A.couldnotarriveB.couldnothavearrivedC.didnotarriveD.cannotarrive11.Shecouldlookmoreattractive(有魅力的，吸引人的)butshe＿＿＿noattentiontoherclothes.A.paysB.waspayingC.paidD.hadpaid12.IfI＿＿＿inhisplace,Iwoulddothat,too.A.wasB.wereC.amD.hadbeen虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建议,command命令,demand要求，request请求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer宁愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide决定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她马上就做。在Itis/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsm