哈姆雷特-英语版ppt

TheTragedyofHamlet,PrinceofDenmarkWilliamShakespeare•OneofShakespeare’sgreatesttragedies,Shakespeare’smasterpiece.“Hamlet”waswrittenintheearly17thcentury,thethemefromtheDanishhistorianSakeSuo’s“DanishHistory”,theplaytothebackgroundofthemedieval（中世纪的）palaceinDenmarkbyHamlettoavengehisfather’sstory,isreallydescribeEnglandinthelateRenaissanceandthetruefaceofEuropeansociety,theperformanceoftheauthor’sprofound（深远的）reflectionontheRenaissanceandthefateandfutureofdeepconcern.Shakespeareinthesubjectmatterofthisancientmeaningandvalueoflife,goodandevil,reasonandjusticeandotherphilosophicalquestions,sothatworksasonewithaphilosophicaltragedy.Briefintroduction背景介绍•莎士比亚生活在欧洲历史上封建制度日趋没落、资本主义兴起的交替时代。为了资本主义的发展，在思想领域新兴的资产阶级文艺对封建文化展开了激烈的斗争，这就是欧洲历史上著名的“文艺复兴”时期，莎士比亚就是这一时代最杰出的戏剧家和诗人。•本剧取材于12世纪的一部丹麦史，作者用人文主义的观点，把这个只是单纯为父复仇的故事，改写成一部深刻反映时代面貌、具有强烈反封建意识的悲剧。Maincharacters哈姆雷特Hamlet-ThePrinceofDenmark,thetitlecharacter,andtheprotagonist(主角).Aboutthirtyyearsoldatthestartoftheplay,HamletisthesonofQueenGertrudeandthelateKingHamlet,andthenephew（侄子）ofthepresentking,Claudius.Hamletismelancholy（忧郁的）,bitter,andcynical（愤世嫉俗的）,fullofhatredforhisuncle’sscheming（诡计多端的）anddisgustforhismother’ssexuality.AreflectiveandthoughtfulyoungmanwhohasstudiedattheUniversityofWittenberg,Hamletisoftenindecisive（犹豫不决的）andhesitant,butatothertimespronetorashandimpulsiveacts.克劳迪斯Claudius-TheKingofDenmark,Hamlet’suncle,andtheplay’santagonist.Thevillain（戏剧中的反派角色）oftheplay,Claudiusisacalculating,ambitiouspolitician,drivenbyhissexualappetitesandhislustfor（贪求）power,butheoccasionallyshowssignsofguiltandhumanfeeling—hisloveforGertrude,forinstance,seemssincere.乔特鲁德Gertrude-Danishqueen,theprince’sownmother.PharaohdiedsheremarriedClaudius,attheageofShakespearethisrelationshipisregardedasincest（乱伦）,socausedHamlethatred.Shebaby-satforHamletmistakenlydrankthepoisonouswine,onthespot,died.奥菲莉亚Ophelia-Polonius’sdaughter,abeautifulyoungwomanwithwhomHamlethasbeeninlove.Opheliaisasweetandinnocentyounggirl,whoobeysherfatherandherbrother,Laertes.Dependentonmentotellherhowtobehave,shegivesintoPolonius’sschemes（阴谋）tospyon（侦查）Hamlet.Eveninherlapseintomadnessanddeath,sheremainsmaidenly,singingsongsaboutflowersandfinallydrowningintheriveramidtheflowergarlands（花环）shehadgathered.哈姆雷特：丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的，整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。奥菲莉娅：波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。克劳迪斯：丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。乔特鲁德：丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。老王死后她改嫁克劳迪斯，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起了哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下了克劳迪斯预设的毒酒，当场身亡。鬼魂TheGhost-Thespecter（幽灵）ofHamlet’srecentlydeceasedfather.Theghost,whoclaimstohavebeenmurderedbyClaudius,callsuponHamlettoavengehim.However,itisnotentirelycertainwhethertheghostiswhatitappearstobe,orwhetheritissomethingelse.Hamletspeculatesthattheghostmightbeadevilsenttodeceivehimandtempthimintomurder,andthequestionofwhattheghostisorwhereitcomesfromisneverdefinitivelyresolved.雷欧提斯Laertes-Polonius’sson.Forhisfatherandhissister’sdeathwithswordskilledHamlet.Healsodiedinthepoisonofthesword,thoughHamletdidn’trealizeswordispoisoned.福丁布拉斯Fortinbras-Norwayprince.Indramaonlyshortcut-scenestheatre.Butheisimportantbecausethelastlinesbyhimsay,seemtosymbolizeabrighterfuture,elaborated（详细阐述）thedramatheme.波洛涅斯Polonius-Claudiuspresenceofaminister.Heisanotoriously(众所周知地)stubborn,obstructHamletandOpheliathelovebetween.Hamletalwayspretendedidiotictoteasehim.Hehidinatapestry(挂毯,绣帷),eavesdropping(偷听)Hamletandthequeenconversation,princewasaswordstabbingtodeath.罗生克兰和盖登思邓Rosencrantz&Guildernstern-TheuniversityisHamletoldclassmates.TheywereClaudiustorecruit（招募）tolookafterHamlet.Althoughthetwowereindramaroleisnotbig,butprincesoonsuspicionpairisaspy.WhenthekingofEnglandwillbeexecutedHamlet,hetoldthenametodifferentiatethe.Hencetwopeoplebehindthescenesinexplicablytodie.波洛涅斯：克劳迪斯的御前大臣。他是个出了名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。雷欧提斯：波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。霍拉旭：哈姆雷特大学里的密友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，所以他成了哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎翁用他来烘托剧情。他也是唯一一个活到全剧结束的主要角色。虽然他曾扬言要自杀。罗森格兰兹和吉尔登斯吞：都是哈姆雷特大学中的老同学。他们被克劳迪斯招来照看哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中的作用不大，但王子很快就猜疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把国书偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。Therelationshipbetweenthecharacters•HamletClaudiusGertrudeOpheliaLaertesTheGhostFortinbrasPoloniussonloverdaughterfatherThreetoavengehisfather‘strail(三条替父报仇的线索)1.HamlethisfatherwaskilledbyClaudius.2.LaerteshisfatherwaskilledbyHamlet.3.FortinbrashisfatherwaskilledbyKingHamlet.theplot•TheplaycentersontherevengestoryofDemarkprince,Hamlet.Inordertorevengeonhisuncle,hepretendedtobemadandsufferedaseriesofmisery.第一幕：老王鬼魂显现，告知哈姆莱特自己是被克劳狄斯害死的，这是复仇的缘起。第二幕：国王克劳狄斯心怀鬼胎，派原为哈姆莱特之友的罗森格兰兹等人对他展开试探。第三幕：克劳狄斯进一步利用哈姆莱特的恋人奥菲利娅对哈姆莱特试探的同时哈姆莱特佯装疯癫，通过俳优所演的戏证实了克劳狄斯的恶行，并为复仇误杀了正在偷听的弄臣波洛涅斯。第四幕：克劳狄斯为除后患，迫哈姆莱特去英国，欲借英王之手将他杀死，反被哈姆莱特抓住机会，假英王之手杀死了派去监视他的朝臣，返回丹麦。第五幕：奥菲利娅忧伤而死，其兄雷欧提斯与哈姆莱特比剑。哈姆莱特在王后误服毒酒而死、雷欧提斯当众揭露国王害人阴谋后，将国王杀死，自己也中剑而亡。Classiclines•Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion.生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题•Thisaboveall:tothineownselfbetrue.尤其要紧的是，你必须对自己忠实•There