2017-2018学年高中英语-Unit-3-Tomorrow’s-World-Section-Ⅳ

最新K12资料SectionⅣGrammar&Writing0语法图解探究发现①BoththeheadsetsandtheglovesareconnectedtoacomputernetworkintheVRstudio.②Inonecase,ateenagerwhowasafraidoftalkingandplayingwithhisschoolmateswastreatedwithVR.③Toachievethis,specialVRheadsetsaredesignedtoallowtheuserstoseein3­Dandhearthesoundallaroundthem.④Engineerscanenterthedesignofaneighbourhoodintoacomputer,andthenuseVRto“walk”aroundtheneighbourhood,seehowitlooksandmakechangesbeforeconstructioniscarriedout.⑤Besidesthis,VRcanbeusedtopractiseskillsinasecureenvironmentthatotherwisewouldbequitedangerous.⑥However,withVRweareabletodothingsthatcouldneverbeachievedinreallife.[我的发现](1)在被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。(2)在被动语态的句子中谓语的基本构成形式为：助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词。(3)在被动语态的句子中谓语可以有各种时态或含有情态动词。一、语态的概念英语中动词有主动语态(ActiveVoice)和被动语态(PassiveVoice)之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就最新K12资料2用被动语态。OurEnglishteacherencouragedMary.我们英语老师鼓励了玛丽。MarywasencouragedbyourEnglishteacher.玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。上面第一句中的动词encouraged是主动语态；第二句中的动词wasencouraged是被动语态。二、被动语态的基本构成形式被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词be/get＋及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表：一般现在时am/is/aretaken一般过去时was/weretaken现在进行时am/is/arebeingtaken过去进行时was/werebeingtaken现在完成时have/hasbeentakentaken过去完成时hadbeen一般将来时will/shallbetaken过去将来时would/shouldbetakenThedisabledarerespectedinourcountry.残疾人在我们国家受到尊敬。Tom'slegswerebadlyinjuredinanaccidentlastyear.在去年的一次事故中，汤姆的双腿严重受伤。Apresentationwillbegivenonthenewproducts.将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。Besides,manyseacreaturesarebeingwipedoutbyfishingboats.此外，大量的海洋生物正被捕捞船赶尽杀绝。TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthismachinewerebeingdiscussedwhenIwentintothemeetingroom.当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.那个消息一到就会被传达给那个士兵的妈妈。最新K12资料3Overtheyearsseveralsimilartheorieshavebeenputforward.几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被提出。Buttooursurprise,thenextmorning,weweretoldthatthemoneyhadbeenstolen.但令我们吃惊的是，第二天早上，我们被告知那些钱被偷了。[即时演练1](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Iwas_given(give)anewbookonmylastbirthday.②Theroomhad_been_cleaned(clean)beforewecame.③Thephysicslessonwill_be_taught(teach)inthelabtomorrow.④Theflowersare_being_watered(water)bythemnow.⑤(2016·四川高考改编)Thegiantpandais_loved(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.⑥(天津高考改编)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshave_been_made(make)．(2)(2015·天津高考)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement________sofarbythetwosides.A．hasbeenreachedB．wasreachedC．willreachD．willhavereached解析：选A句意：尽管之前进行了多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方还没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语sofar“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。三、被动语态的特殊结构形式1．情态动词(may,might,can,could,should,oughtto,must)＋be＋过去分词，构成被动语态。Nowadays,solarenergycanbeusedtoproduceelectricityinmanycountries.现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。Arealsenseofachievementandhappinessmaybefelt.一种真正的成就感和幸福感可能被感觉到。Thepollutionmustbestopped.必须停止污染。[即时演练2](1)句型转换(每空一词)①TeacherscanuseRealCineintheclassroom.最新K12资料4→RealCinecanbeusedintheclassroombyteachers.②Youneedn'tdoitnow.→Itneedn'tbedone(byyou)now.(2)Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A．haveusedB．beusedC．useD．used解析：选B句意：煤能够被用来为农业和工业发电。由句意可知此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，故B项符合题意。2．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态(1)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上to。get,leave,cause等使役动词的宾语补足语是带to的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。Myfathermademestayuplatetofinishmyhomework.(表示主动)Iwasmadetostayuplatetofinishmyhomeworkbymyfather.(表示被动)[即时演练3](1)句型转换(每空一词)①Ididn'tnoticeherentertheoffice.→Shewasn'tnoticedtoentertheoffice.②Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.→Astrangerwas_seentowalk_intothebuilding.(2)LastDecember,14bearswereseen________fromthebile(胆汁)tradeinVietnam.A．rescuedB．torescueC．rescuingD．rescue解析：选A“seesb./sth.do/doing/done”为常用结构，这一结构的被动语态为“beseentodo/doing/done”。分析题干可知，空格处与句子的主语之间为动宾关系，所以应用过去分词“rescued”。故选A。(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。3．短语动词的被动语态最新K12资料5短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。Itissaidthatanewrailwaystationwillbesetupinmyhometown.据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。Thebabyisbeingtakencareofbyhisgrandmother.这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。Suchastrangestoryhasneverbeenheardof.这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。[即时演练4](1)句型转换(每空一词)①Mysistergavemeabigcake.→I_wasgivenabigcakebymysister.②Weshouldmakegooduseofeverychance.→Everychanceshouldbemadegooduseof.(2)Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheoperation,sohe________.A．mustbetakencareB．musttakecareofC．mustbelookedafterD．mustlookafter解析：选C句意：这位老人手术后很虚弱，所以必须被照顾。由句意可知此处表示被照顾，故C项正确。A项需改为“mustbetakencareof”。四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1．主动形式表示被动意义(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等系动词后面接形容词/名词构成系表结构时；当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash,cook,shut,dry,drink等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、运动”等意义时。Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来很香。Thebookwrittenbythatfamouswritersellsverywell.那位著名作家写的书很畅销。(实际上是被卖得畅销)Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起来很柔软。Thesecupscleaneasily.这些杯子很容易洗。Themuseumdoesn'topenonMonday.博物馆星期一不开放。[名师点津]下面的短语经常使用主动语态：comeout,comeintobeing,gooff,run最新K12资料6out,giveout,givein。(2)want,require,need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。Theseflowerswant/require/needwatering/tobewatered.这些花需要浇水。(3)“be＋adj.＋todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。Heisn'teasytogetalongwith.他不容易相处。[即时演练5](1)翻译句子①我的房