grammar-and-usage课件-现在完成时-现在完成进行时

GrammarandUsageThebluebutterflyflewaway.Theredbutterflyisflyingaway.一般过去时：强调过去发生的动作现在进行时：强调正在进行的动作pastfuturenowIhaveflownforfiveminutes.fiveminutesPresentPerfectTense现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have(has)+过去分词e.g.Johnhasbrokenhisleftleg.用法常用状语have(has)done1.从过去开始的动作,一直持续到现在2.表示曾经做过某事或已经做过某事，对现在造成的影响和结果1.for,since2.already,yet,never,ever,just现在完成时构成MadamQiuhasworkedinthisschoolformorethanthirtyyears.MissLaiandIhavestayedheresinceOctober.…formorethanthirtyyears…sinceOctoberfor后接的是时间段。since后接时间点，而且是过去时间。e.g.Tomhaslivedhereforalongtime.Ihaveknownallofyousincelastmonth.Fillintheblanks:(for&since)1.ShehaslearntEnglish______threeyears.2.ShehaslearntEnglish______threeyearsago.forsincethreeyearagofuturenowthreeyears3.Theyhavelivedhere______1990.4.Theyhavelivedhere______21years.sincefor1990futurenow21yearsIhavejusthadmybreakfast.影响：现在我不饿。havebreakfastI’mnothungrynowIhaveseenthisfilm.seethefilmIknowthecontent.影响：现在电影的内容我已经知道了。1.yet&already二者常用于完成时态中。yet意为“仍然还未”，常用在否定句或疑问句中；already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中。词语辨析例题(yet&already)1.Tomhas_______left.2.Ihaven’treadtoday’snewspaper_____.alreadyyet1.Mum’scookedthedinner.Mum_____________thedinner.2.KidshavelearnedEnglishatschool.Kids________________________Englishatschool.3.I’vealreadyhaddinner.I___________dinner____.4.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He_____________hishomework___.haven’thadyethasn’tfinishedyethasn’tcookedhaven’tlearned把下列句子改为否定句2.everadv.ever意为“曾经”,与现在完成时连用.HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?ever的反义词是never,意为“从不;从未”。Maryhasneverboughtanybooks.☆havebeento:去过某地(但已经回来,人不在某地)☆havegoneto:去某地了(说话时某人在去某地的途中或已在某地)句中如果用ever,never,once(一次),twice(两次),threetimes(三次)等时间状语时,用havebeentohavegoneto&havebeentoHehasgonetoParis.（他现在在巴黎）HehasbeentoParis.（他去过巴黎已经回来了）1.I____never____toChina.have_____beenhave_____gone2.--”Where’smother?Sheisn’there.”--”She________tothesupermarket.”hasgonehasbeensince+过去时for+时间段recentlylatelythesedaysthisweekinthepastfewdayssofaruptonowuntilnow现在完成时的标志1.Sofarthisyearwe___afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen2.Uptonow,theprogram____thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(2010山东)A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的。终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词或瞬间动词)，非延续性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。非延续性动词startbegindieleavearrive非延续动词与延续性动词的转换(熟记)come—behereleave/go—beaway(from)borrow—keepbuy—havefinish—beoverbegin—beondie—bedeadgettoknow—knowarrive/getto/come/reach—bein/atmarry/getmarried(to)—bemarried(to)fallasleep/gettosleep—beasleepjointheclub—beamemberoftheclub1.Hehasbeendeadfor3years.2.Hehasdiedfor3years.4.IhavehadtheTVfor5years.3.IhaveboughttheTVfor5years.判断正误5.Kellyhasgotmarriedforsixyears.非延续动词got→been常用固定句型1.Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since+从句（一般过去时）翻译：他祖父去世已有两年了。Itistwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.=Ithasbeentwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.2)This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)time+that+从句（现在完成时）翻译：1.这是他第一次参观这家工厂。2.这是我第二次读这本书。1.Itisthefirsttimethathehasvisitedthisfactory.2.ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavereadthebook.常用固定句型常用固定句型3)This(That/It)isthebest/mostinteresting/finest/…+that+从句（现在完成时）1.这是我看过的最好的电影。ItisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveevereaten.2.这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。Reviewhavebeentohavegoneto现在完成时用法1.从过去开始的动作,一直持续到现在2.表示曾经做过某事或已经做过某事，对现在造成的影响和结果去某地，回来了去某地，还没回来延续动词和非延续动词一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作，与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时强调对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用，但可与ever,never等词连用。yesterdaytomorrowthreedaysagolastyearnextyearthedayaftertomorrowseveraldaystwohoursmanyyearsoncetwicesincealreadyyeteverjust现在完成时必备词Reviewsince+时间点already与肯定句连用yet与否定句或疑问句连用反义词：neveronetimetwotimes谓语动词之前Ifinishedmyhomeworkanhourago.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.一般过去式一般过去式现在完成时现在完成时Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生在过去某个时间）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，即电影的内容已经知道了）Form:have/hasbeendoing注意：不用被动语态thePresentPerfectContinuousTense现在完成进行时1)构成:have/has+been+doing2)它的肯定、否定及疑问形式：肯定句:Ihavebeenworking.Shehasbeenworking.否定句:Ihavenotbeenworking.Hehasnotbeenworking.现在完成进行时的概念疑问句:HaveIbeenworking?Hasshebeenworking?现在完成进行时Theboystartedhavingdinnerfiveminutesago.Heisstillhavingdinnernow.Theboy________________(have)dinnersincefiveminutesago.hasbeenhaving现在完成进行时的用法1表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能持续下去.broadcasted1984futurenowbroadcastbroadcastCCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogramssince1984.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.中国人有2000年的造纸历史。动作还将继续下去她肯定累了，因为她一天一直在跳舞。Shemustbetired,forshehasbeendancingallday.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较pastfuturenowdiddohavedonepastfuturenowdiddohavebeendoingdo现在完成时现在完成进行时比较一：•LiJia__________(read)abookaboutStonehenge.(Shefinishedreadingthebook.)•LiJia______________(read)abookaboutStonehenge.(Sheisstillreadingthebook.)hasreadhasbeenreading比较二：现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果。试比较：Who’sbeeneatingmyapples？Who’seatenmyapples？(1)有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满。(2)进行时态表示“苹果未被全部吃光”(1)只是希望回答一个问题。(2)完成时态表示“苹果一个不剩了”比较三：_____________________haveyoubeenswimminginthelake?____________________________haveyouswuminthelake?A.HowlongB.Howmanytimes1.Althoughthesescien