2016高考英语语法复习课件-形容词与副词

高考一轮复习语法：形容词和副词Yoyo形容词主要用来描述事物的大小、形状、颜色、性质等具体特征，也可用来陈述事物的状态等。形容词(adj./a.)的定义：形容词的分类：形容词根据其构成可以分为简单形容词和合成形容词两类。1.简单形容词除了我们一般常见的外，有些含有独特的后缀。-able,-iblecomfortableterriblehorrible-al,-icalnationalchemicalmagical-antimportantpleasantassistant-aryordinarynecessarysecondary-fulbeautifulwonderfulcareful-lesshopelesscarelesshelpless-lylovelyfriendlyweekly-ous,-iousfamousdangerousserious-yangrysnowysunny此外，还有大量的现在分词和过去分词逐渐变成了形容词。这类形容词大多都和及物动词有关。常见的有：amusing/amused;interesting/interestedboring/bored;satisfying/satisfiedexciting/excited;embarrassing/embarrassedpleasing/pleased;puzzling/puzzledworrying/worried;amusing/amusedshocking/shocked;relaxing/relexeddisappointing/disappointed;2.合成形容词合成形容词指由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词。主要作定语，一般不作表语。(1)数词+名词+形容词aten-metre-wideriver一条十米宽的河afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩(2)形容词（或数词）+名词+-edamiddle-agedman一位中年男子afifteen-storeyedbuilding一座十五层的大楼(3)形容词+V-ing形式agood-lookingman一位英俊的男子aneasy-goingwoman一位随和的女子(4)名词+V-ed形式aman-madelake人工湖asnow-coveredmountain一座被雪覆盖的山(5)副词/形容词+V-ed形式awell-knownwriter一位著名的作家anew-bornbaby一个新生儿形容词在句中的作用：(1)作定语请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）aninterestingEnglishfilmaheavyblackChinesesilkumbrella(2)作表语作表语的形容词位置比较固定，都在系动词之后：Heisverydevotedtohiswife.Herfaceremainedexpressionless.但在表语和动词之间有时可插进别的词：Sheremainedcomparativelycalm.Ifeelalittletired.大多数形容词可作定语和表语，但有些形容词通常只作表语，如：afraid,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,aware,content,due,fond,glad,ill,likely,ready,sorry,sure,unable,unlikely,well等(3)作宾语补足语Wholeftthedooropen?Martinfoundtheworkslightlydull.(4)作状语Shecameover,eagertohelp.Hearrivedhome,hungryandtired.(5)有时可作同位语和独立成分Thecurrentaffair,thebiggestinitshistory,isbeingheldinGuangzhou.Strangetosay,hedidpasshisexamafterall.注意有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如：TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊。TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。副词(adv./ad.)的定义：副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词的主要种类：(1)时间和频度副词now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,frequently,seldom,ever,never,soon,yet,too,shortly,immediately,ago,yesterday…(2)地点副词here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,home,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,around,near,off,past,up,away,on…(3)方式副词carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,politely,softly,proudly,warmly(4)程度副词much,little,very,rather,still,quite,enough,perfectly,extremely,entirely,almost…(5)疑问副词:用来引起一个特殊问句:how,when,where,why(6)连接副词：连接副词的意思和词性都和疑问副词一样，但在句中引起一个从句或不定式：how,where,when,whyHeknowswheretogo.Itoldherhowtofindme.(7)关系副词：用来引起一个从句作定语:where,when,whyThisisthetownwhereIwasborn.副词在句中的作用：1.作状语ItsnowedheavilylastJanuary.(修饰动词)Emilygreetedmewarmly.(修饰动词)Heagreedtocomeoverrightaway.(修饰非谓语动词)Sheisterriblyclever.(修饰形容词)You’redrivingtoofast.(修饰副词)SureI’llhelpyou.(修饰整个句子)2.作表语：大部分与介词同形的副词可用作表语Marywasdownwithaslightfever.Wearebehindinourplan.Imustbeoffnow.还有一些表示位置的副词常用作表语Whenwillyoubeback?I’llonlybeawayafewminutes.Isanyonedownstairsyet?Dennywasstillabroad.3.副词的其他用法(1)副词可用作定语Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourstayhere.Thethenheadmasterorderedthesebooks.(2)副词还可用作宾语补语，构成复合宾语IsawyououtwithyoursisterlastSunday.I’mpleasedtoseeyouback.(3)副词用于构成动词短语Theflowersgaveoffasweetfragrance.Theydecidedtoputthemeetingoff.意思有别的同根副词：close接近地closely仔细地，密切地free免费地freely自由地，无拘无束地hard努力地hardly几乎不late晚，迟lately近来most最，极其mostly主要地high高highly高度地，非常地deep深，迟deeply深深地loud大声地loudly大声地(含喧闹之意)near邻近nearly几乎1.表示A超过B：A+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+than+BMyroomissmallerthanyours.DavedrivesfasterthananyoneIknow.2.表示A不如B：1)A+谓语的否定式+adj./adv.比较级+than+B2)A+谓语+less+adj./adv.+than+B3)A+谓语的否定+so(as)+adj./adv.+as+BThisbookisn’tbiggerthanthatone.Thisstarislessbeautifulthanthatone.Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.(3)表示A和B是同等程度A+谓语+as+adj./adv.+as+BDianasingsassweetlyashersister.Shecanrunasfastas20milesanhour.(4)越……,越……the+比较级,the+比较级越来越……比较级+and+比较级ThefasterItype,themoremistakesImake.Heplayeditbetterandbetter.(5)两者中较……的一个the+比较级(+of+the+two+名词)Thisampleisthebiggerofthetwo.形容词比较级的修饰语可在形容词的比较级前加alot,agooddeal,much,many,far,abit,alittle,slightly等Hisillnessisfarmoreseriousthanwethought.Youlookabithappiernow.也可在比较级前加any,no,some,even,still等Doyoufeelanybettertoday?Theirhouseisnobiggerthanours.还可在比较级前加表示数量的词Mysisterishalfaheadtallerthanme.Itwasone-thirdcheaperthanthemarketprice.形容词最高级主要表示“最”，修饰名词，常有一短语与表示比较的范围，前面一般加定冠词the；副词最高级修饰动词，前面都不加the。Thisisthebestroominthehotel.Hewasthemostdangerouscriminalinthecountry.Thepoorpeoplelivingintownssufferedworst.注：在形容词最高级单独用作表语时，定冠词the常可省略：IthinkDavid’splanisbest.East,west,home’sbest.无比较等级的形容词和副词：(1)表示比较、特殊意义的comparative(ly),relative(ly),particular(ly),special(ly),favorite等。(2)表示绝对意义的absolute(ly),entire(ly),excellent(ly),total(ly),thorough(ly),whole(wholly)等。(3)表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的extreme(ly),main,major,minor,senior,junior,chief(ly)等(4)表示性质特征的economic,scientific,wooden,earthen,golden等。(5)表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的only,matchless,round,square,very,own,simply,hardly,scarcely等。THANKYOUFORLISTENING