《西方文化导论》练习题

ChapterOneGreekCultureI.Fillintheblanks:1.1.Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelements,twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyaretheGreco-Roman（希腊罗马的）elementandtheJudeo-Christian（犹太教与基督教的）element.2.2.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.3.3.Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,allGreecewasbroughtundertheruleofAlexander,kingofMacedon.4.4.In146B.C.theRomansconqueredGreece.5.5.Revivedin1896,theOlympicGameshavebecometheworld’sforemostamateursportscompetition.6.6.AncientGreeksconsideredHomertobetheauthoroftheirepics.7.7.TheHomer'sepicsconsistedofIliadandOdyssey.8.8.TheIliaddealswiththeallianceofthestatesofthesouthernmainlandofGreece,ledbyAgamemnonintheirwaragainstthecityofTroy.9.9.TheOdysseydealswiththereturnofOdysseusaftertheTrojanwartohishome,islandofIthaca.10.10.TherepresentationformofGreekDemocracyiscitizen-assembly.（公民大会）11.11.OfthemanylyricpoetsofancientGreece,twoarestilladmiredbyreaderstoday:SapphoandPindar.12.12.SapphowasconsideredthemostimportantlyricpoetofancientGreece.13.13.Pindarisbestknownforhisodescelebratingthevictoriesattheathleticgames,suchasthe14Olympicodes.14.14.ThethreegreattragicdramatistsofancientGreeceareAeschylus,Sophocles,andEuripides.15.15.AeschyluswrotesuchplaysasPrometheusBound,PersiansandAgamemnon.16.16.SophocleswrotesuchtragicplaysasOedipustheKing（《俄狄浦斯王》）,Electra（《伊莱克特拉》(谋杀其母及其情人者),andAntigone.Oedipuscomplex（恋母情结）andElectracomplex(恋父情结)derivedfromSophocles’plays.17.17.Euripides(欧里庇得斯)wrotemainlyaboutwomeninsuchplaysasAndromache,Medea,andTrojanWomen.18.18.Comedyalsoflourishedinthe5thcenturyB.C..ItsbestwriterwasAristophanes,whohasleftelevenplays,includingFrogs,Clouds,WaspsandBirds.19.19.Euripides_isthefirstwriterofproblemplays.20.20.Herodotus（希罗多德）isoftencalled“FatherofHistory”.HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians.21.21.Thucydides（修西得底斯）describedthewarbetweenAthensandSpartaandbetweenAthensandSyracuse,aGreekstateontheIslandofSicily.22.22.Pythagoras（毕达哥拉斯）wasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallthingswerenumbers.23.23.Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics.24.24.Heracleitus(赫拉克利特)believedfiretotheprimaryelementoftheuniverse,outofwhicheverythingelsehadarisen.25.25.ThegreatestnamesinEuropeanphilosophyareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.26.26.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,fourschoolsofphilosophersoftenarguedwitheachother,theyaretheCynics（犬儒学派）,theSceptics（怀疑论学派）,theEpicureans（伊壁鸠鲁学派）,andtheStoics（斯多葛学派）.27.27.Euclid(欧几里得)iswell-knownforhisElements《几何原本》,atextbookofgeometry.28.28.Toillustratetheprincipleofthelevel,Archimedesissaidtohavetoldtheking,“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.”29.29.Greekarchitecturecanbegroupedintothreestyles:theDoric（多利安式）stylewhichisalsocalledthemasculinestyle;theIonic（爱奥尼亚式）stylewhichisalsocalledthefemininestyle;andalaterstylethatiscalledtheCorinthian（科林斯式）style.30.30.TheAcropolisatAthens（雅典卫城）andtheParthenon(万神殿)arethefinestmonumentofGreekarchitectureandsculptureinmorethan2000years.II.Multiplechoices:1.1.Whichculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.?A.GreekCultureB.RomanCultureC.EgyptianCultureD.ChineseCulture2.2.In_______theRomanconqueredGreece.A.1200B.C.B.700B.C.C.146B.C.D.The5thcentury3.3.WhichofthefollowingworksdescribedthewarledbyAgamemnonagainstthecityofTroy?A.OedipustheKingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbyAeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.PrometheusBound5.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbySophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.TrojanWomanD.OedipustheKing6.6.WhichofthefollowingistheplaywrittenbyEuripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthegreatesttragicdramatistofancientGreece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.8.Whoeversaidthat“Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver.”?A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.AristotleD.Plato9.9.Whowasthefounderofscientificmathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras10.10.Whoischieflynotedforhisdoctrinethat“manisthemeasureofallthings”?A.ProtagorasB.PythagorasC.PyrrhonD.EpicurusChapterTwoRomanCultureI.Fillintheblanks:1.1.TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomanconquestofGreece,whichwasthenreducedtoaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire.2.2.TheRomanwriterHoracesaid:“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.（大意是：征服者反而被被征服者所征服。）3.3.In27B.C.Octavius（屋大维）tooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus（奥古斯都）.4.4.TheRomansenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknownasthePaxRomana（罗马的和平）.5.5.Inthe4thcentury,theemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium,renameditConstantinople(modernIstanbul).6.6.In476thelastemperorofthewestwasdeposedbytheGoths(哥特人)andmarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire.7.7.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurksin1453.8.8.JuliusCaesarrecordedwhathedidandsawinthevariousmilitarycampaignshetookpartinandthesewritings,collectedinhisCommentaries（《高卢战记》）,aremodelsofsuccinctLatin.9.9.VirgilwasthegreatestofLatinpoetsandwrotethegreatepic,theAeneid.10.10.ThePantheonisthegreatestandthebestpreservedRomantemple,whichwasbuiltin27B.C.Andreconstr