吴明：联合国翻译：高翻学院翻译实例讲评(八)

高翻学院翻译实例讲评（八）A.OriginalTextB.MisunderstandingC.TranslationofparticularwordsandphrasesD.TranslationskillsE.ModeltranslationThepastyearhasbroughtnewcrisesandfewencouragements.Thepatternofworldaffairshasshiftedinunexpectedandattimesominousways,creatingfreshstrainsininternationalrelationsandtendingtoaggravatemanyexistingproblems.Itisrightandappropriatetoviewthissituationwithconcern.Wewouldbewelladvised,however,tobearinmindthatchangeandstressareinevitableinhumanaffairs;indeed,oneofthemajorfunctionsoftheUnitedNationsistoprovidetheinstitutionalframeworkthroughwhichthenatureandimplicationsofthesestressesmaybeidentifiedandconsideredinacivilizedandpeacefulway,sothattimelyconcertedstepsmaybetakentodealwiththemeffectivelybeforetheygrowoutofcontrol.Themainfeaturesoftheinternationallandscapeasithasevolvedoverthepastyeararealltoowellknown.RelationsbetweenEastandWesthaveonceagainbecomeseverelystrained.Thearmsrace,especiallythecompetitioninnuclearweapons,continuesunabated,representingnotonlyaperennialrisktohumansurvivalbutalsoaninordinatewasteofhumanandothervitalresources.Anumberofkeydisputes,dangerouslyinterconnectedwiththefragilestructureofworldpeace,remainunresolvedandcontinuetogiverisetoviolenceandfrustration.Theefforttodeviseglobaleconomicsolutionssuitabletopresentrealitiesremainsdeadlocked,whilepovertyandeconomicdisasterthreatenlargesegmentsoftheworld’spopulation.Violenceandvariousformsofterrorismhavetakenanincreasingtoll.ThisisadarkpictureandoneofwhichGovernmentsareverymuchaware.Indeed,thereisnoshortageofproposedsolutionsforoneoranotheroftheproblemsinquestion,andneverbeforehashumanitybeeninpossessionofsuchavarietyormeanstodealwithitsproblems.Itisevident,however,thatwearestillfarfromreconcilingourdifferencesastotheapproachestobeusedandthesolutionstobechosen,especiallysincetheseproblemsareinmanycasestiedtosevereconflictsofinterestwhichrequirethemostintensiveeffortsofcreativestatesmanshipiftheyaretobeovercomeinaconcertedandgenerallyacceptablemanner.FortheUnitedNations,therefore,thebasicquestioniswhetherweshallbeabletotakeadvantageofourawarenessandknowledgetoacttogetherandintimebeforeourproblemsoverwhelmourcapacityfordealingwiththeminanorderlyandpeacefulmanner.HowdoestheUnitedNationsmeasureuptothesegreatchallengesofourtime?Ihavetosaythat,fora11oureffortsandourundoubtedsincerity,theOrganizationhasnotyetmanagedtocutthroughthepoliticalhabitsandattitudesofearlierandlesshurriedcenturiesandtocometogripsdecisivelywiththesenewfactorsofourexistence.Wetalkaboutandexpressouranxietiesandourgoodintentions,butwehaveyettoactupontheclearindicationsofwhatwearereallyupagainst.Asitis,inmattersofpeaceandsecuritytheOrganizationtendstocomeintoitsownmainlyintimesofacuteinternationalcrisis.Thenbriefly,andsimplybecausethereisnootheralternative,thedeterminationtoco-operateinavertingdisastertemporarilyovercomesskepticismaboutinternationalinstitutions.Weurgentlyneed,inthisandotherfields,todeveloptheOrganizationintoafarmoresystematic,orderly,day-to-daymeansofimprovingandregulatingthedifferentaspectsofinternationalrelations.Onlythenwillinterdependenceandthenewirreversiblecompressionofhumansocietyintooneworldbecomeaconstructiveratheranegativeforceinhumanaffairs.B.MisunderstandingB.1.实例1Thepastyearhasbroughtnewcrisesandfewencouragements.B.1.1.讲评译文过去的一年带来了新的危机，当然也有几件鼓舞人心的事情发生。过去的一年带来了新的挑战和新的鼓励。在过去的一年中，新的问题不断涌现而鼓舞人心的事件甚少。过去的一年里既有危机也有鼓舞人心的事。过去的一年为我们带来了新的危机和少量鼓舞人心的消息。在去年，我们遭受了新的危机，并且取得很少的成果。过去的一年带来新的危机，并无大的起色。过去一年悲多喜少。B.1.2.佳译实例在过去的一年里，成就乏善可陈，而危机却层出不穷。B.1.3.参考译文过去的一年带来了新的危机，但令人鼓舞的事情却几乎没有。B.2.实例2Thepatternofworldaffairshasshiftedinunexpectedandattimesominousways,creatingfreshstrainsininternationalrelationsandtendingtoaggravatemanyexistingproblems.B.2.1.讲评译文世界格局更加难以预测，有时简直是灾难般的，造成国际关系的僵局和现有问题的进一步恶化。这给国际关系带来了新的压力，同时也可能加剧业已存在的危机。B.2.2.参考译文世界事务的格局变幻莫测，有时还十分险恶，因而在国际关系中造成了新的紧张，并往往会加剧许多现存问题。B.3.实例3Wewouldbewelladvised,however,tobearinmindthatchangeandstressareinevitableinhumanaffairs;B.3.1.讲评译文然而，我们都会听到这样的建议：在人权问题上的改变和压力是不可避免的。虽然我们都知道在人类事务中变化和紧张是不可避免的；但是我们应该记住那个意见，在处理人类事务中变化与压力是不可避免的；然而，应当有人提醒我们：变动和压力不可避免。但总会有人告诉我们，变化和压力是人类世界中必然发生的事情；有人会给我们建议说变革和压力在人类事务中是无法避免的；但是，有人建议我们要将这一点牢记于心，那就是：变革和紧张局势在人类事务中是不可避免的；尽管，人们会说，人类事务发生变化和面临紧张是无可避免的。可能我们经常会被提醒，人类事务中的变化和压力在所难免。B.3.2.参考译文然而，我们应当记取的是，人类事务中的变化和紧张是不可避免的；B.4.实例4indeed,oneofthemajorfunctionsoftheUnitedNationsistoprovidetheinstitutionalframeworkthroughwhichthenatureandimplicationsofthesestressesmaybeidentifiedandconsideredinacivilizedandpeacefulway,B.4.1.讲评译文但是，联合国的一大主要职责就是建立制度框架并在该框架内认清这些压力的本质和含义，同时以一种文明而和平的方式加以考虑。事实上，联合国的主要职能之一便是提供一个体制框架，让这些压力的实质和影响在该框架中得以明确，并以文明、和平的方式对其进行审议。事实上，联合国的主要作用之一就是以文明和平的方式看待这些压力的特性和含义，提供机构框架。事实上，联合国的一项主要任务便是通过一种文明的和平的方式来鉴定考察这些压力的本质与意义来提供一种组织结构。但事实上，联合国的主要任务之一就是为文明及和平地定义和解决自然以及各种压力引起的问题提供结构性的框架。B.4.2.参考译文实际上，联合国的一个主要职能就是提供机构框架，以文明而和平的方式辨明和审议这些紧张局势的性质和影响。这样，就可以及时地采取协调一致的步骤，加以有效的处理，从而避免局势发展到无法控制的地步。B.5.实例5sothattimelyconcertedstepsmaybetakentodealwiththemeffectivelybeforetheygrowoutofcontrol.B.5.1.讲评译文从而在其不受控制之前及时采取措施予以有效处理。B.5.2.佳译实例从而使我们能够及时采取一致行动，有效解决问题，以防