吴明：联合国翻译：高翻学院翻译实例讲评(六)

A.原文全文B.实例讲评C.参考译文全文原文全文CommentingonKissingerWhenHenryKissingerwrotehisPh.D.studyofMetternichandCastlereaghalmosttwenty-fiveyearsago,hedidmorethandrawaremarkableportraitoftwostatesmenwhomanaged,intheupheavalofpost-NapoleonicEurope,tobalancecompetingforcesandtherebyprovideaperiodofrelativepeace,atthesametime,heunintentionallydrewaportraitofhimself.“Both,”wroteKissingerinAWorldRestored,“dominatedeverynegotiationinwhichtheyparticipated:Castlereaghbytheabilitytoreconcileconflictingpointsofviewandbythesingle-mindednessconferredbyanempiricalpolicy;Metternichthroughanalmostuncannyfacultyofachievingapersonaldominanceoverhisadversariesandtheartofdefiningamoralframeworkwhichmadeconcessionsappear,notassurrenders,butassacrificestoacommoncause.”TheStrategyandstylethathavecometobeassociatedwithKissinger’sdiplomacyfirstsurfacedinthisdoctoraldissertation,andtheyhavesurvivedhisconvertionfromscholartostatesmanwithstrikingconsistency.Despitehisreputationforexcessivesecrecy,mostlyabouttactics,hisapproachtoglobalstrategy,baseduponaconservative’squestforbalance,stability,andorder,hasbeenanopenbookformanyyears.Onecentralfeatureofhisapproach,fromtheverybeginning,hasbeenhisbeliefinaninterestingandnourishinglinkbetweendomesticandforeignpolicy.Astatesmanhastounderstandthislink.Hemustlead,butnottoofast;hemustremainanchoredtothetraditionsofhissociety,butnottootightly.IfCastlereaghandMetternichhadanyfailing,inKissinger’sview,itwastheirinabilitytostriketherightbalancebetweentherequirementsofdiplomacyandpolitics.“Astatesmanwhotoofaroutrunstheexperienceofhispeoplewillfailinachievingadomesticconsensus,howeverwisehispolicies;witnessCastlereagh,”Kissingerwrote.“Astatesmanwholimitshispolicytotheexperienceofhispeoplewilldoomhimselftosterility;witnessMetternich.”Kissingeristoogoodastudentofhistorytoignorethelessonofhisownresearch.Recognizingthatasuccessfulforeignpolicybeginsathome,hehasencouragedtheAmericanpeopletoadoptanew,post-Vietnamoutlookontheworld,andheisconstantlyseekingtobroadenthebaseofdomesticsupportforhispolicies.HecourtsCongress,woosthepress,anddazzlesthediplomaticcorps.Hehas,tousethecurrentjargon,“co-opted”manyofhispotentialcritics,givingthemthecozyillusionthattheyareontheinsideofpolicy-making.HismesmerizingofChairmanJ.WilliamFulbrightoftheSenateForeignRelationsCommitteeisoneofthewondersofWashington.Thecapital----theworld----ishisstage;amasterperformer,Kissingerdominateshisenvironment,whetheritisaclosed-doorhearingonCapitolHill,atelevisednewsconferenceattheStateDepartment,oramidnightbriefingaboutnuclearweaponsinaMoscownightclub.KissingerwieldsmorepowerthananyotherpresidentialadviserorSecretaryofStateinthehistoryoftheRepublic.HeisnottheconventionalAmericandiplomat.Heisaprofessorwhohasbeengiventheuniqueopportunitytoputhistheoriesintopracticeandtoshapehistory.Hehasbeencalledthefirst“European”SecretaryofState----lessareferencetohisbirthplacethantohisstyleofdiplomacy.Hehastriedtobedetached,pragmatic,unromantic.HehasdrainedtheUtopianillusionsfromAmericanforeignpolicy.UnlikeJohnFosterDulles,whorefuseeventoshakeChouEn-la’shand,Kissingerwillnegotiatewithanyone.Ideologicallabelsdonotdeterhim.B.实例讲评B.1.实例1WhenHenryKissingerwrotehisPh.D.studyofMetternichandCastlereaghalmosttwenty-fiveyearsago,hedidmorethandrawaremarkableportraitoftwostatesmenwhomanaged,intheupheavalofpost-NapoleonicEurope,tobalancecompetingforcesandtherebyprovideaperiodofrelativepeace,atthesametime,heunintentionallydrewaportraitofhimself.B.1.2.讲评译文大约二十五年前，亨利基辛格在他的博士论文中，曾经生动的描述了梅涅特和卡斯尔雷。在亨利基辛格25年前写的博士研究中，他不仅描述了梅涅特和卡斯尔雷这两位政治家。大约二十五年前，当基辛格研究关于梅涅特和卡斯尔雷的哲学博士课题时，这是两位伟大的政治家，他们曾经在后拿破仑时代的巨变中，成功地平衡了两股政治力量，并带来了相对和平时期。不仅如此，不经意间基辛格也使读者了解他自己。他们势均力敌的抗衡过程促使了后拿破仑时期的和平。….描述了他们在拿破仑后期的纷乱欧洲如何能够联合当时的竞争对手并且让地区恢复相当和平。在论文中，他不仅叙述了两位政治家的丰功伟绩———B.1.3.参考译文大约二十五年前，亨利基辛格写研究梅特涅和卡斯尔雷的博士论文时，他不但把这两位政治家——他们身处拿破仑失败后欧洲大乱之际，居然通过在各种斗争力量之间搞均势而求得了一时的相对和平——非常出色描绘了出来，同时，无意中也为自己勾划出了一幅画像。B.2.实例2“Both,”wroteKissingerinAWorldRestored,“dominatedeverynegotiationinwhichtheyparticipated:Castlereaghbytheabilitytoreconcileconflictingpointsofviewandbythesingle-mindednessconferredbyanempiricalpolicy;Metternichthroughanalmostuncannyfacultyofachievingapersonaldominanceoverhisadversariesandtheartofdefiningamoralframeworkwhichmadeconcessionsappear,notassurrenders,butassacrificestoacommoncause.”B.2.1.讲评译文两个人总能主导参与的每一场谈判；卡斯尔雷拥有调和冲突观点的卓越能力以及帝国外交政策不达目的不罢休的执着；而梅涅特则通过其不可思议的能力而获得支配对手的成就，并具有定义道德框架的艺术魅力，从而为谈判带来让步，不是屈服，而是对双方共同事业的牺牲。以及脚踏实地的政策赋予他达成目标的决心；梅涅特则拥有一种几乎不可思议的才能，就是依靠个人征服对手。而梅涅特则通过一种近乎神奇的才能实现对对手的个人主导，并通过对道德框架的定义艺术——促成让步的道德框架不是屈服于共同事业，而是一种牺牲。而梅涅特则有一种神秘的本事，可以对他的对手施加个人影响；卡斯尔雷凭借的是他协调不同观点的能力和被实用主义观点赋予的周密思维；梅涅特则是由于他拥有在谈判中主导对方的非凡能力，并且善于运用一种思维，使得双方达到妥协，而这种妥协并不是屈服于对方，而是双方为了共同的事业所作的牺牲。而梅涅特则施展其压倒对手这一特殊能力，构造出某种道德义务的需要，从而使得对手在“作出牺牲以完成共同的使命”的背景下让步，而不会使其成为失败者。梅涅特的主导则是由于其能神奇地在对手面前占据上风以及艺术性地构建让步（不是妥协，而是为了共同事业所作出的牺牲）的道德架构。B.2.2.佳译实例卡斯尔雷有能力调解互相冲突的观点，而奉行经验主义又使他做事一心一意；B.2.3.参考译文基辛格在他所著《重建的世界》一书中写道：“这两个人在他们参与的任何谈判中无不处于主宰一切的地位：在卡斯尔雷，是因为他长于调和相反的观点，是由于他老成练达，坚忍不拔；在梅特涅，是因为他有一种简直不可思议的善于镇服敌手的魔力，是因为他有一套说理论道的妙法，可以使让步行为看上去不但有别于屈服，而且成了一种为了共同事