从句

考点归纳十六：状语从句一、引导词的选择：1.时间状语从句1).由when、while、as（当……时候）引导的时间状语从句。Whenjackgothome,hismotherwascooking.2).由after/before(在….之后/前)引导的时间状语从句。Thefootballmatchplayedafterschoolwasover.3).由assoonas(一…..就……)引导的时间状语从句。I’llringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.4).由not….until（直到…..才…..）引导的时间状语从句。Theydidn’tstopuntiltheyfinishedthework.2.原因状语从句由because、since、as（因为、既然、由于）引导的原因状语从句。Sinceyouhaveknownaboutthat,pleasetelluswhattodo.3.地点状语从句由wherever（无论在哪儿）引导的地点状语从句。Whereverhegoes,healwaysbringshispetdog.4.目的状语从句由sothat(以便、为的是)引导目的状语从句。Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.5.条件状语从句由if或unless引导条件状语从句。Iwon’tgotohispartyunlessIaminvited.6.比较状语从句由than、as…as、notas……as引导比较状语从句。Therearemorestudentsinourclassthanintheirs.7.让步状语从句由though、eventhough/if、although引导让步状语从句。Althoughhedidn’tpasstheexam,hisfatherdidn’tgetangrywithhim.8.方式状语从句由asif(好像)引导方式状语从句。Hetalkedaboutthatasifhekneweverything.9.结果状语从句由so…that…、such….that…（如此…..以致于…）引导结果状语从句。Itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’tseetheroad.二、状语从句与主句的时态问题1.时间状语从句、条件状语从句与主句的时态不一致。（主句用将来时，而时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时）Ifit________(notrain)tomorrow,we______(go)toclimbthehill.He________(become)asodierwhenhe______(grow)up.2.since引导的时间状语从句。Itis+时间+since+一般过去时It_____(be)tenyearssincewe________(leave)thatcity.3.由when、while引导的时间状语从句的时态：主句（过去进行时）+when+从句（一般过去时）主句（一般过去时）+when+从句（过去进行时）主句（一般过去时）+while+从句（过去进行时）主句（过去进行时）+while+从句（过去进行时）注意：看动词为短暂性动词用一般过去时，动词为延续性动词则用过去进行时。Mother_______(cook)supperwhenI______(get)homeyesterday.LastSundayI_______(meet)LinHongwhenI_______(walk)inthestreet.WhileHanMeimei_______(sweep)thefloor,Lucy_______(carry)water.Whenthestudents________(have)ameeting,theteacher_______(come)in.4.由when、after、before、bythetime引导的时间状语从句的时态：主、从句的谓语动作都以完成，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。Whenthey_______(get)tothecinemalastlight,thefilm________(start).I_________(go)outwithmyfriendsafterI_______(finish)allthehomeworklastnight.中考考点十七：宾语从句一、直接引语变间接引语1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。1).“一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.Shesaid“Ilikeplayingbasketball”.Shesaidthat__________playingbasketball.2).“二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.SheaskedTom“CanIhavealookatyourpicture”.SheaskedTomif______couldhavealookat______picture.3).“第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.Shesaidtome“Theywanttohelpme”.Shetoldmethat__________tohelpme.2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthatthose时间状语nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningthreedaysagothreedaysbeforeLastweektheweekbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextyearthenextyear地点状语herethere动词comego二.宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.考查宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即“主语+谓语+……Doyouknowwhen__________?A.doesthenexttrainleaveB.thenexttrainleavesC.willthenexttrainleaveD.thenexttrainwillleave注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：1).who在从句中作主语。Canyoutellme_________?(谁将来这儿)2).what’swrong/thematter?Heaskedwhatwasthematterwithme.3).whathappenedIdon’tknowwhathappenedyesterday.4).whichisthewayto….?Canyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepark?2.考查宾语从句的引导词1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that且that可省掉。Shesaid“I’mgaldtoseeyou”=Shesaid________________galdtoseeme.2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether.一般情况下if/whether可互换，但后有ornot/or、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether.Hesakedme“AreyougoingtoWuhan?”=Heaskedme________________goingtoWuhan.I’mthinkingabout______togothere.A.ifB.whetherC.that3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。Doyouknow________?I’mnotsure,Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask/tellsbtodosth.若为否定祈使句，就改为ask/tellsbnottosth.“Don’topenthedoor”Theteachersaid.=Theteachertoldme____________thedoor.3.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。Canyoutellme_________?Heisadoctor.A.whatisheB.whathewasC.whatheisD.whatwashe2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。Heasked____________.A.whattimeitisB.whattimeisitC.whattimeitwasD.whattimewasitHetoldmethathe______forthesportsmeet.A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.willprepareD.hasprepared注：1)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。OurteachersaidthatJanuary_____(be)thefirstmonthoftheyear.Ourteachersaidthattheearth___(go)aroundthesun.2).若主句为couldyou…..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。Couldyoutellme_______?A.whathewasdoingB.whatwashedoingC.whatheisdoingD.whatishedoing4.if/when引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。ifWhenif/when从句的时态条件/时间状语从句如果、假如当…的时候一般现在时宾语从句是否什么时候一般将来时Canyouguessifthey___toplayfootballwithus?Ithinktheywillcomeifthey____free.A.come,areB.willcome,willbeC.willcome,areD.come,willbeCanyoutellmewhenhe____heretomorrow?Whenhe_____here,pleasecallme.A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.comes,willcome5.宾语从句的简化：1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+todosth”.IhopeIcanmeetyouagain.Ihope__________youagain.2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+todosth”.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.Idon’tknow_____________next.CouldyoutellmehowIcangetthere?Couldyoutellme_____________there?Johndidn’tdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.Johndidn’tdecide___________________.3).hear/see/find+that+从句，可改为“hear/see/find+sb(要用宾格)+doingsth”.Iheardthattheyweresinginginthenextroom.=Iheard__________inthenextroom.Wefoundthatshewasplayingwiththecatunderthetree.Wefound__________withthecatunderthetree.考点归纳十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定