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名词的考查要点语法填空1名词的考查要点1.可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。(1)单、复数同形。如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works(工厂),cattle。(2)合成名词的复数。如:boy-friend→boy-friends,go-between→go-betweens(中间人),grown-up→grown-ups。(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,havewordswithsb.同某人吵架,inhighspirits以很高热情地,giveone’sregardstosb.向某人问候,inrags衣衫破烂,Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事。(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:Thecrewislarge.船员人数很多(指整体)。Thecrewarealltired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。2.不可数名词的数(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词,可数名词)insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonour赢得荣誉anhonour引起尊敬的人(事)failure失败afailure失败者byexperience靠经验anexperience一次经历withpleasure乐意apleasure乐事②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。物质名词有形或数的相应物体时,有单、复数。如:somecoffee一些咖啡,acoffee一杯咖啡,threecoffees三杯咖啡,somedrink一些饮料,adrink一杯饮料,threedrinks三杯饮料,hishair他的头发,afewgreyhairs几根白发,glass玻璃,aglass一只玻璃杯。3.名词所有格“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有:(1)用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today’snewspaper,fiveminutes’walk(drive),fivepounds’weight,tendollars’worthofcoffee。(2)用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如:theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry,NewYork’sparks。4.名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。(1)分类意义。airpollution空气污染boyfriend男朋友coffeecup咖啡杯bodylanguage身体语言roadaccident交通事故theNobelPrize诺贝尔奖(2)时间、地点、称呼等。DoctorJack杰克医生ProfessorLi李教授eveningschool夜校wintersleep冬眠(3)表目的、手段、来源、所属意义。receptiondesk接待台sportsfield田径场stonetable石桌colorTV彩电5.几组常考名词辨析(1)cause,reason,excusecause是造成某种客观事实或现象的原因,后接介词of;reason是说明一种看法或行为的理由,后接介词for;excuse是“借口、辩解”的意思。Carelessnessisthecauseoftheaccident.Thereasonforhercominglatewasthathercarbrokedownontheway.Lateagain!What’syourexcuseofthistime?(2)sight,view,scene,scenery①sight指“景色”时为可数名词,往往指眼见的景色,如供人游览的“美景”或“名胜”,尤指人工制成的景色。ComeandseethesightsofLondon.②view通常指自然景色,或指从远处或高处看到的景观、景物。Wecangetaverygoodviewoftheseafromthetopofthetower.③scene所表达的景色常是scenery的一部分,常指自然景色,也可指舞台的场景、现实生活中的场景、场面、情景。Thesunriseisabeautifulscene.Iwastouchedbythehappyscene.④scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色,尤指美丽的乡间景色,是不可数名词。Thebestpartofthetripwasthescenery.Itwasfantastic.(3)award,reward两者既可作名词也可作动词。award用作名词时,意为“奖品”、“奖金”,用作动词时,常用于awardsth.tosb.中;reward作名词时,意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”,用作动词时,常用于rewardsb.forsth.。Hewonthefirstawardinthesingingcontest.Hereceivedarewardof900fromthepoliceforcatchingthecriminal.(4)habit,custom,customshabit指个人在长时间内逐渐养成的、一时不易改变的行为和习惯;custom则强调社会、民族经过一个较长时间过程而形成的“风俗”、“习惯”;customs为复数名词,意思是“关税”、“进口税”,当首字母大写并与the连用时表示“海关”的意思。选词填空reach,cause,custom,reward,point,tradition,view,panic1.“Tommy,run!Bequick!Thehouseisonfire!”themothershouted,withclearlyinhervoice.2.There’sainourofficethatwhenit’ssomebody’sbirthday,theybringinacakeforusalltoshare.3.What’sthe,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?题组训练panictraditionpoint4.Thelackofecofriendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajorofglobalclimatechange.5.Thecatjumpedaway,outofhis.6.Wehaveafineofthelakefromourhotelwindow.7.HowcanIyouforyourhelp?8.Socialvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountry.causereachviewrewardcustoms2语法填空Charlotte:Canyoutellmealittleabout1._________?Lucy:Yes,Ifinishedschoolin2004.Charlotte:Iseethatyoudid2.____(good)inyour“A”level.Whydidn’tyougotouniversitywhenyou3._______(leave)school?Lucy:IwantedtogetajobbecauseIhadtohelpmyparents,whohadabigfamily4._________(support).yourselfwellhadlefttosupportCharlotte:Iseeyouarenowajuniorclerkin5.__tradecompany.Canyoutype?Lucy:Yes,myspeedis60wordsperminute.Charlotte:Whydoyouwanttoleaveyourjobthere?Lucy:I’dlikeajob6.______Icanget7._____(much)experienceandlearnaboutdifferentkindsofwork.Charlotte:CanyouworkonSaturdaysorSundaysifweneedyou?awheremoreLucy:Yes,Ican.Charlotte:Ifweofferyouajob,whencanyoustart?Lucy:I8._____giveaweek’snotice9._____Ileavemypresentjob.Charlotte:Isee.Pleasefillinthis10.____now.Ifanythingturnsup,I’llcontactyou.mustbeforeform
本文标题:2016届高考英语大一轮复习 专题十三 名词课件 北师大版
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