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英语词性转换1.名词变形容词(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如:rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy,snow—snowy,health—healthy,luck—lucky,anger—angryguilt—guilty(内疚的)tourist—touristy(游客多的),salt(盐)—salty(咸的)silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的),sleep—sleepy(昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加“-y”。如:sun—sunny,fun—funny,fog—foggy(有雾的),fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加“-y”。如:noise—noisy,ice—icy,shine—shiny(发亮的),taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d。例如:spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的);talent—talented(有天赋的)organize—organized有组织的;balance—balanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful,thank—thankful,help—helpful,use—useful,meaning—meaningful(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless(粗心的),use—useless(无用的)hope—hopeless(没希望的),home—homeless(无家可归的)(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如:difference—different,silence—silent,confidence—confident(f)。在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如:friend—friendly,love—lovely,live---lively(g)。在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如:danger—dangerous(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词例如:music—musical;medicine—medical(这个比较特殊)(i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加“-able”。例如:adjust—adjustable可调整的value—valuable有价值的(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词例如:wood—wooden木制的wool—woolen羊毛的(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese,-ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词例如:China—Chinese,Japan—Japanese,England—English,America—American,India—Indian,Australia—Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)2.动词变名词(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work,study,water,plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示某一类人的名词例如:work—worker,teach—teacher,sing—singer,jump—jumper,play—player,learn—learner,visit—visitor,invent—inventor,collect—collector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver,write—writer等.2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如:run—runner,win—winner,begin—beginner等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment变成名词例如:achieve—achievement(成就)advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)agree—agreementdisgree—disagreementamuse—amusement(娱乐)improve—improvement(争吵)commit(奉献)—commitmentdevelop—development(发展)depart—department(局,部)govern(统治)—government(政府)manage—management(管理)equip—equipment(装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(争论)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如:attract—attraction;instruct—instruction;invent—inventiondiscuss—discussion;express—expressioneducate—education;graduate—graduation;operate—operation(去e再加ion)compete—competition;organize—organization(把e改成其他字母再加tion)decide—decisionconclude—conclusion(把de改为s再加ion)describe—description描写,描绘(这是特例,不规则变化)(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如:appear—appearance(外貌;出现)perform—performance(演出)accept—acceptance(接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meet—meetingbuild—buildingwait—waitingbathe—bathingsay—saying(谚语)mean—meaningend—endingtrain—trainingwash—washing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swim—swimmingshop—shoppingbegin—beginning(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如:Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐)behave(行为举止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知识)fly—flight(飞行)heat(加热)—heat(热量)hit(撞击)—hit(轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix(混合)—mixture(混合物)press(按,压)—pressure(压力)sit(坐)—seat(座位)succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/tourist(游客)形容词转化为动词形容词也能转化为动词,但不及名词转化为动词那样常见,语义也比较简单,多半表示状态的变化。由形容词转来的动词大多可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。Livinginthecountrysidehasnarrowedhim.(及物)(住在乡下使他的眼光变得短浅。)Theseanarrowsintoastrait.(不及物)(海面变得狭窄而形成一条海峡。)发生类似变化的形容词有:better(使更好;变好),cool(使冷确;变冷),dirty(弄脏;变脏),dry(檫干;变干),empty(誊空;流入),idle(混日子;闲逛),quiet(安慰;静下来),right(改正错误;竖直),slow(放慢;慢下来),smooth(使平滑;变平),warm(使暖和;变温暖),wet(使湿;变湿)有的形容词只能转为及物动词。Hebusieshimselfwithwritinganovel.(他忙于写一本小说。)这些形容词有:bare(toexpose;暴露,揭露),blind(弄瞎,使迷惑),happy(tomake...happy;使幸福,使愉快),humble(tomakehumble;降低...身分)形容词转化为名词1)形容词转化成名词也是比较常见的,有的可完全转化为名词并具有名词的一切语法特征,可义加-’s变为所有格,也可被形容词修饰。2)一些表示某种信仰、某一国籍或某些特征的形容词也有这种转功能。3)部分形容词转化为名词后不具备名词所有的特点,一般在前面带有定冠词,作为复数表示一个整体。Theunvoidablehappenedintheend.不可避免的事终于发生了。4)有的形容词转化为名词后与其它的一些词一起构成习用语或词组。这类的习惯用语或词组还有:atlarge(随便,在逃),atlast(最后),atthelatest(至迟),atleast(至少),atmost(至多),cutsomeonetothequick(使某人心疼),doone’sbest(尽力),forbetterorworse(无论好歹),forgood(永远),frombadtoworse(每况逾下),inthemain(总的来说),ingeneral(一般说来)5)表示颜色的形容词转化成名词后,它们的前面如果加上不定冠词和形容词就表示一片之意。6)其它形容词转化为名词形容词转化为副词的一般规则Theyarerunninginthefinal.他们正在进行赛跑决赛。形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:一般直接加,―元(e)去e加,―辅(y)改i加,le结尾e改y。分别举例如下:quick---quickly;true---truly;happy---happily;possible----possibly具体规则如下:1).一般情况下直接加―ly,如:quick---quickly;polite---politely;sad---sadly;immediate---immediately;recent---recently2).少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:true-truly;due-duly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely3).以―个y结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将―y改成―i,再加―ly,如:happy---happily;heavy---heavily;angry---angrily;busy---busily但是如果读音为/ai/,直接加ly,如:dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy---shyly4).以ic结尾的词,加ally,如:economic---economically;basic---basically;scientific---scientifically;automatic---automatically;energetic---energetically5).以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:simple---simply;considerable---considerably;terrible---terribly;gentle---gently;possible---possibly;probable---probably;incredible---incredibly元音字母加le时加ly,如:sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。6).以-ll结尾时,只须加–y,如:dull---dully;shrill---shrilly需注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:friendlypeople;motherlycare;lovelydog;monthlyexam;heavenlypeace;amanlysport动词变形容词(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如:afford-affordable;lo
本文标题:英语词性转换大全
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