仁爱英语七年级下册语法讲解：一般现在时、现在进行时及一般过去时

时态大比拼一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表现。每种时态的概念、信息词、结构、句式变化、以及某些时态间的相互区别重点掌握时态Tense动词的类别（根据其在句中的功能）①Be动词am、is、are/was、were②助动词（只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。）do、does/did/done③情态动词（表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。）can、may、could、need、must、shoud④系动词（后跟形容词构成系表结构）look、taste、smell、feel、get、become⑤实义动词（行为）动词（有完整的词义，并能单独作谓语）及物动词后面必须跟宾语buy,catch,invent,found,like,及物动词后面必须跟宾语agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,时态现在进行时：一般现在时：一般过去时：现在正在进行的动作经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。过去某个时间或时间段发生的动作或存在的状态。(ThePresentContinuousTense)(TheSimplePresentTense)(TheSimplePastTense)一般现在时表常常发生的动作或经常存在的状态,常和always,often,usually,everyday,sometimes等表示时间的状语连用.e.g.Igotoschooleveryday.Heisalwayslikethat.Wheredoyoulive?Whatdoyoudohere?一般现在时的构成形式有:肯定句,疑问句,否定句,疑问否定式一般现在时肯定句否定句疑问句Iamaworker.Iamnotaworker.Areyouaworker?He/She/Itisaworker.He(She,It)isnotaworker.Ishe(she,it)aworker?Weareworkers.Wearenotworkers.Areweworkers?Youareworker.Youarenotworker.Areyouworker?Theyareworkers.Theyarenotworkers.Aretheyworkers?肯定句否定句疑问句Iwork.Idonotwork.DoIwork?He(She,It)works.He(She,It)doesnotwork.Doeshe(she,it)work?Wework.Wedonotwork.Dowework?Youwork.Youdonotwork.Doyouwork?Theywork.Theydonotwork.Dotheywork?动词第三人称单数的构成：①直接加-s.play—plays，want—wants，know—knows，help—helps②以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾加-es.guess—guessesteach—teachesbrush—brushes，go—goes，do—does，watch—watches③以“辅音+y“结尾变y为i再加-es.study—studies，carry—carries，fly—flies，worry—worries现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作,可和now,look,listen,atpresent,atthismoment,thesedays等时间词连用.e.g.Whatareyoudoingnow,John?Whereareyoudoing?Thetelephoneisringing,wouldyouanswerit?I’mnotdoinganythingatpresent.Heiswritinganovelthesedays.现在进行时的构成形式有:肯定句,疑问句,否定句,疑问否定式现在进行时肯定句疑问句否定句Iamworking.AmIworking?Iamnotworking.He(She,It)isworking.Ishe(she,it)working?He(She,It)isnotworking?Weareworking.Areweworking?Wearenotworking.Youareworking.Areyouworking?Youarenotworking?Theyareworking?Aretheyworking?Theyarenotworking.现在分词的构成：①直接加-ing.sleep---sleepingstudy---studyingspeak---speakingsay---saying②重读“辅元辅”结构，双写尾字母加-ing.stop---stoppingsit---sittingrun---runningforget---forgetting③以e结尾去e加-ing.make---makingcome---comingtake---takinghave---having④以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加ingdie---dyinglie---lying1.定义:1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday,lastnight,in1990,twodaysago...)连用;2)也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示频度的时间状语(如often,always…)连用。一般过去时e.g.Myfatherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon.Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastyear.Iwasbornin1990.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?TheywereinBeijingaweekago.Iplayedfootballlastnight.2.句子构成:“主语+动词的过去式+其他”;1)系动词be的过去时:am(is)→wasare→were陈述句:主语+be动词的过去式+其他否定句:主语+be动词的过去式+not+其他疑问句:be动词的过去式+主语+其他?eg：MikewasintheUnitedStateslastyear.Mikewasnot(wasn’t)intheUnitedStateslastyear.--WasMikeintheUnitedstates?--Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.Theywereathomeyesterday.注意:带有be动词的过去时的句子,一定要看清主语再正确选择用was还是were.2)行为动词的一般过去时:陈述句:主语+动词过去式+其它Igotothemovie.→Iwenttothemovie.否定句:主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其它Idon’tgotoschooltoday.→Ididn’tgotoschool.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它Doyouhavebreakfast?→Didyouhavebreakfast?我们在一般现在时中学过:当谓语动词为行为动词时,在句子变成疑问句或否定句时,我们必须加上助动词do或does,而在过去时中,我们借助did这个词来完成。e.g.Heplayedfootballyesterday.Hedidn’tplayfootballyesterday.--Didheplayfootballyesterday?--Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.注意:在否定句或者疑问句中,有了助动词did后,行为动词要还原,不能再写成过去式.2.规则动词过去时的变化规则构成方法原形过去式一般情况在动词原形后加-edwantanswerwantedanswered以字母e结尾的动词，只加-dmovediemoveddied以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改为i,再加-edcarrycrycarriedcried以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplannedam,is—wasare—werego—wentdo—didhave—hadcome—cametake—tooksay—saideat—atesee—sawget—gotput—putsleep—sleptgive—gavewrite—wroteread—read动词过去式的不规则变化/red/各时态常用的信息词现在进行时：一般现在时:一般过去时:now,Look!Listen!atthistimeWhereis…?Don’ttalk!It’s8:00am.always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday,every…,threetimesadaylastnight,last…,twodaysago,…ago,in1999,in+过去的年份,justnow=amomentago,yesterday,yesterdaymorning判断下列信息词是属于哪种时态lastnightnoweverydayLook!yesterdayoftenListen!twoyearsagoalwaysin1897threetimesaweek一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时1.Heisateacher.2.KangkangcomesfromChina.3.Iusuallytakethebustowork.4.Theyarehavingclasses.5.Janeplayedtheguitarlastnight.先（一般疑问句）再（否定句）Isheateacher?Heisn’tateacher.DoesKangkangcomefromChina?Kangkangdoesn’tcomefromChina.Doyouusuallytakethebustowork?Idon’tusuallytakethebustowork.Aretheyhavingclasses?Theyaren’thavingclasses.DidJaneplaytheguitarlastnight?Janedidn’tplaytheguitarlastnight.句型变化操练have-look-begin-use-shop-get-dance-study-现在分词第三人称单数过去式study-finish-have-go-do-play-watch-give-need-stop-hope-play-try-plan-visit-like-havinglookingbeginningusingshoppinggettingdancingstudyingstudiesfinisheshasgoesdoesplayswatchesgivesneededstoppedhopedplayedtriedplannedvisitedliked用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Listen!Mary_________(sing)now.2.Ayoungman__________(run)ontheplaygroundnow.3.Mymother_________(watch)TVplayeveryday.4.OldBush________(visit)Chinaagainlastmonth.5.I______(play)sportsthreetimesaday.6.Look!LucyandLily__________(read)books.7.There_______(is)afootballmatchyesterdayafternoon.8.Ourclass______(go)tothezoothreedaysago.issingingisrunningwatchesvisitedplayarereadingwaswentLet’scorrect:1.Igoestoschoolatsixeveryday.2.Hedon’tlike